高寒草甸退化对土壤稳定氮同位素的影响及其驱动因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202605.013

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1374-1382.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202605.013

• 稳定同位素生态学专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

高寒草甸退化对土壤稳定氮同位素的影响及其驱动因素

汪齐瑞^1,2, 周春丽³, 张春清⁴, 朋措吉⁵, 王贵强^1,2, 马子峰^1,2, 李以康^1*

¹中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008;
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
³湖南省醴陵市第三中学, 湖南株洲 412299;
⁴青海省湟源县草原站, 西宁 812199;
⁵青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院, 西宁 810007

收稿日期:2025-09-02 接受日期:2026-04-03 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-11-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: ykli@nwipb.cas.cn
作者简介:汪齐瑞, 男, 2001年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事高寒草地生态过程研究。E-mail: 13865534650@163.com
基金资助:
青海省自然科学基金项目(2025-ZJ-941M)

Effects of alpine meadow degradation on soil stable nitrogen isotope and its drivers.

WANG Qirui^1,2, ZHOU Chunli³, ZHANG Chunqing⁴, Pengcuoji⁵, WANG Guiqiang^1,2, MA Zifeng^1,2, LI Yikang^1*

¹Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China;
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
³The Third Middle School of Liling City, Zhuzhou 412299, Hunan, China;
⁴Huangyuan County Grassland Station, Xining 812199, China;
⁵College of Ecological Environment and Resources, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China

Received:2025-09-02 Accepted:2026-04-03 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2026-11-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高寒草甸退化显著影响土壤氮循环过程,但不同退化阶段土壤氮库稳定性及δ¹⁵N的响应机制尚不明确。本研究以青海省玛沁县高寒草甸为对象,探讨了草甸退化对土壤稳定氮同位素(δ¹⁵N)的影响及其驱动因素。退化阶段分为未退化的禾草草甸时期(ND)、矮嵩草+小嵩草草甸时期(SD)、小嵩草草甸草毡表层加厚时期(MD)和黑土滩-杂类草次生裸地时期(HD)。结果表明:随着退化程度加剧,地上生物量显著减少,HD时期生物量仅为ND时期的56.5%。草甸退化显著降低了0～30 cm土层土壤pH、电导率和含水量,并改变了土壤C/N的垂直分布模式。土壤全氮(TN)和微生物生物量氮(MBN)随退化程度加重显著降低,在表层土壤(0～5 cm)中表现最明显,降幅分别达57.8%和70.6%。草甸退化显著影响了δ¹⁵N的分布,SD和MD时期δ¹⁵N值随土层深度增加而升高,而HD时期则趋向均一化。土壤表层与深层δ¹⁵N差值(Δδ¹⁵N)随草甸退化呈先降低后升高的趋势,在HD时期接近0,表明此时期氮循环高度开放且土壤剖面氮含量均质化。随机森林模型分析表明,δ¹⁵N的主导调控因子因退化时期而异:铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)主导ND时期,pH主导SD和MD时期,MBN主导HD时期。表层土壤δ¹⁵N与pH、电导率、含水量、C/N、TN、MBN和NH₄⁺-N呈显著负相关,表明退化通过改变表层土壤环境影响氮循环过程。综上,高寒草甸退化通过改变地上生物量和土壤理化性质进而显著影响土壤氮库和氮转化效率,Δδ¹⁵N是指示氮循环开放程度与退化阶段的有效指标。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 退化演替, 土壤氮含量, 稳定氮同位素

Abstract: The degradation of alpine meadow profoundly alters soil nitrogen (N) cycling. However, the stability of soil N pools and the response mechanisms of δ¹⁵N across different degradation stages remain unclear. In an alpine meadow of Maqin County, Qinghai Province, China, we investigated the effects of degradation on soil stable nitrogen isotopes (δ¹⁵N) and their driving factors. Four degradation stages were identified: non-degraded grass meadow (ND), Kobresia humilis + Kobresia pygmaea meadow (SD), thickened turf layer of K. pygmaea meadow (MD), and “black-soil beach” with secondary bare land (HD). The results showed that aboveground biomass significantly decreased with increasing degradation intensity, with biomass in the HD stage reduced to 56.5% of that in the ND stage. Degradation significantly reduced soil pH, electrical conductivity, and soil moisture in the 0-30 cm layer, and altered the vertical distribution pattern of soil C/N. Soil total nitrogen (TN) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) declined markedly with increasing degradation, particularly in the surface soil (0-5 cm), with reductions of 57.8% and 70.6%, respectively. Meadow degradation significantly influenced the distribution of δ¹⁵N. In the SD and MD stages, δ¹⁵N values increased with soil depth, whereas in the HD stage they became homogenized. The difference in δ¹⁵N between surface and deep soil layers (Δδ¹⁵N) first decreased and then increased with degradation, approaching zero in the HD stage, indicating a highly open N cycle and homogenization of soil N across the profile. Random forest analysis revealed that the dominant drivers of δ¹⁵N varied among degradation stages. Ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) dominated in the ND stage, soil pH in the SD and MD stages, and MBN in the HD stage. Surface soil δ¹⁵N was significantly negatively correlated with pH, electrical conductivity, soil moisture, C/N, TN, MBN, and NH₄⁺-N, suggesting that degradation influenced N cycling primarily by altering surface soil environmental condition. In summary, alpine meadow degradation significantly affected soil N pools and N transformation efficiency by altering aboveground biomass and soil physicochemical properties. Δδ¹⁵N could serve as an effective indicator of the openness of ecosystem N cycling and degradation stage.

Key words: alpine meadow, degradation succession, soil nitrogen content, stable nitrogen isotope

汪齐瑞, 周春丽, 张春清, 朋措吉, 王贵强, 马子峰, 李以康. 高寒草甸退化对土壤稳定氮同位素的影响及其驱动因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(5): 1374-1382.

WANG Qirui, ZHOU Chunli, ZHANG Chunqing, Pengcuoji, WANG Guiqiang, MA Zifeng, LI Yikang. Effects of alpine meadow degradation on soil stable nitrogen isotope and its drivers.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(5): 1374-1382.

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高寒草甸退化对土壤稳定氮同位素的影响及其驱动因素

Effects of alpine meadow degradation on soil stable nitrogen isotope and its drivers.

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