不同营养源对稻虱缨小蜂寿命及寄生能力的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了蜂蜜、玉米花粉、大豆花、褐飞虱蜜露和黄脊飞虱蜜露对稻虱缨小蜂寿命、寄生能力以及寄生行为对稻虱缨小蜂寿命和存活率的影响.结果表明,蜂蜜、玉米花粉、褐飞虱蜜露和大豆花均能明显延长稻虱缨小蜂的寿命,并且显著地提高了对褐飞虱卵的寄生能力,其中蜂蜜最有效,大豆花次之.玉米花粉和褐飞虱蜜露这两种营养源以玉米花粉(水和褐飞虱蜜露+水的形式)对提高稻虱缨小蜂寿命最有效,而单一玉米花粉、花粉液、褐飞虱蜜露稀释液和纯褐飞虱蜜露均不能延长稻虱缨小蜂寿命.黄脊飞虱蜜露对稻虱缨小蜂的寿命和寄生能力均无影响.寄生行为对稻虱缨小蜂的寿命基本无影响,但致使其40～48h内的存活率提高,此后的存活率降低较快.在稻田周围的作物和植被上调查到约10种飞虱.非稻田生境能为稻田寄生性天敌提供寄主和食物,是理想的庇护所,对保护和提高稻田天敌种群数量,提高稻田天敌的生物控制作用.

关键词: 营养源, 稻虱缨小蜂, 寿命, 寄生能力, 存活率

Abstract: This paper dealt with the effects of honey, corn pollen, soybean flower, and honeydews excreted by Nila-paruatae lugens and Toya spp.on the longevity and parasitic ability of A.nilaparvatae.The results showed that the longevity of A.nilaparvatae was obviously extended, and its egg production on N.Lugens was significantly increased when fed with those nutrient-rich diets except the honeydew excreted by Toya spp.Corn pollen and the honeydew excreted by N.lugens worked only in the forms of pollen (water and honeydew) water.The longevity of N.lugens was not affected by its parasitic behaviors, but its survival rate was higher within 40～48 hours, and then decreased rapidly.About ten species of plant hopper, the host of Anagrus spp., were found in non-rice habitats, which provided shelter and afforded foods to the parasitoids of rice pests, and contributed to protecting the natural enemies and enhancing the biological control in the rice system.

Key words: Nutritional resource, Anagrus nilaparvatae, Longevity, Parasitic ability, Survival rate

中图分类号:

Q958.1

郑许松, 俞晓平, 吕仲贤, 陈建明, 徐红星. 不同营养源对稻虱缨小蜂寿命及寄生能力的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (10): 1751-1755.

ZHENG Xusong, YU Xiaoping, LU Zhongxian, CHEN Jianming, XU Hongxing. Effects of different nutritional resources on the longevity and parasitic ability of egg parasitoid Anagrus nila-parvatae[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (10): 1751-1755.

参考文献

[1] Dyck VA, Thomas B.1979.The brown planthopper problem. In:Brown Planthopper: Threat to Rice Production in Asia. Philippines:IRRI,Los Banos.1～17
[2] Facgri K,Van de pij L.1979. The Principles of Pollination Ecology(3rd ed).Pergmon Press Ltd.
[3] Godfray HCJ, Hassell MP. 1997. Hosts and parasitoids in space.Nature,386:660～661
[4] Grégoire JC,Liebhold FM.1997.Proceedings: Integrating Cultural Tactics into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforesation Pests.USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-236.15～22
[5] Heong KL,Aquino GB,et al.1992.Population dynamics of plant and leafhoppers and their natural enemies in the rice ecosystems in the Philippines.Crop Prot,11(4):371～379
[6] Johanowicz DL,Mitchell ER.2000.Effects of sweet alyssum flowers on the longevity of the parasitoid wasps Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).Florida Ent,83(1):41～47
[7] Kevan PG,Baker HG.1983.Insects as flower visitors and pollinators.Ann Rev Ent,28:407～453
[8] Leius K.1960.Attractiveness of different foods and flowers to the adults of some Hymenopterous parasites.Can Ent,92:369～376
[9] Lu Z-X(吕仲贤),Yang Z-F(杨樟法),Hu C(胡萃).1995.The effect of corn pollen on the adult longevity of Macrocentrus linearis.Ent J East Chin(华东昆虫学报),4(2):61～64(in Chinese)
[10] Luo X-N(罗肖南), Zhuo W-X(卓文嬉),Chen Z-H(张兆华).1986.An interrelationship survey on rice planthoppers predators of the weeds around the rice fields.J Fujian Agric Coll(福建农学院学报),15(3):220～227(in Chinese)
[11] Luo X-N(罗肖南),Zhou W-X(卓文嬉).1980.The biological characterisitics and protection of Anagrus spp.,egg parasitoids of planthoppers.J Fujian Agric Coll(福建农学院学报),2:44～59(in Chinese)
[12] Slansky F,et al.1992.Nutritional Value of Plant Materials to Natural Enemies.19th International Congress of Ent.,Beijing.
[13] Towns H.1958. Some biological characteristics of Ichneumonidae in relation to biological control.J Econ Ent,51:650～652
[14] Yu X-P(俞晓平),Hu C(胡萃), Heong KL.1998.Parasitization and preference characterisitics of egg parasitoids from various habitats to homopterans.Acta Ent Sin(昆虫学报),41(1):120～124(in Chinese)
[15] Zhang N-X(张乃鑫),Li Y-X(李亚新). 1989.An improved method of rearing Amblyseius fallacis (Acari:Phytoseiidae) with plant pollen.Chin J Biol Control(中国生物防治),5(4):149～152(in Chinese)
[16] Zhou W-R,Wang R.1989.Rearing of Orius sauteri Hem.:Anthocoridae with natural and artificial diets.Chin J Biol Control(中国生物防治),5(4):149～152(in Chinese)