线虫作为土壤健康指示生物的方法及应用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 简述了线虫作为土壤健康指示生物的优势,归纳了常用指数和分析方法,对成熟指数及基于营养类群的一些指数和分析方法进行了详细介绍.与其他指数相比,成熟指数更能敏感地反映土壤环境的受胁迫程度,基于营养类群的指数和分析方法可以在生态系统功能水平上更好地揭示土壤环境的健康状态.概述了以上指数和方法在农业、森林、草原及其他生态系统中的应用研究.结合目前存在的一些问题,提出以下建议:加强对土壤线虫生活史和食性等特性的认识;进一步完善现有指数,将多种指数和分析方法结合使用;加强土壤线虫在多种生态系统及大尺度地域空间内的应用.

关键词: 土壤线虫, 指示生物, 成熟指数, 营养类群

Abstract: This paper summarized the advantages of using nematodes as soil health bioindicator.A review of commonly used indices and analyzing methods by means of nematodes was presented,with emphases on Maturity Index,as well as the indices and analyzing methods based on their trophic groups.Compared with other indices,Maturity Index can reflect the stressed degree of soil more sensitively,and the indices and analyzing methods based on their trophic groups can well reveal the state of soil health based on ecosystem functioning.The applications of nematodes as bioindicator in agriculture,forest,grassland,and other ecosystems were also outlined.In view of some practical limitations in the methods,prospective researches and applications were suggested,i.e.,intensify the ecological studies to advance the understanding on the characteristics of soil nematodes,such as their life histories and feeding habits,consummate the indication system by integrating various nematode indices and analyzing methods,and extend the applications of soil nematodes in different ecosystems and in different regions at large scales.

Key words: Soil nematode, Bioindicator, Maturity Index, Trophic group

中图分类号:

Q968

李玉娟, 吴纪华, 陈慧丽, 陈家宽. 线虫作为土壤健康指示生物的方法及应用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(8): 1541-1546.

LI Yujuan, WU Jihua, CHEN Huili, CHEN Jiakuan . Nematodes as bioindicator of soil health:methods and applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(8): 1541-1546.

参考文献

[1] Alon A,Steinberger Y.1999.Effect of nitrogen amendments on microbial biomass,above-ground biomass and nematode population in the Negev Desert soil.J Arid Environ,41(4):429～441
[2] Bardgett RD,Leemans DK,Cook R,et al.1997.Seasonality of the soil biota of grazed and ungrazed hill grasslands.Soil Biol Biochem,29(8):1285～1294
[3] Berney MF,Bird GW.2001.Analysis of nematode community structure(abstract).J Nematol,33:251
[4] Bloemers GF,Hodda M,Lambshead PJD,et al.1997.The effects of forest disturbance on diversity of tropical soil nematodes.Oecologia,111(4):575～582
[5] Bongers T.1990.The maturity index:An ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition.Oecologia,83(1):14～19
[6] Bongers T,Bonger M.1998.Functional diversity of nematodes.Appl Soil Ecol,10(3):239～251
[7] Bongers T,Ferris H.1999.Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring.Trends Ecol Evol,14(6):224～228
[8] Bongers T,van der Meulen H,Korthals G.1997.Inverse relationship between the nematode maturity index and plant parasite index under enriched nutrient conditions.Appl Soil Ecol,6:195～199
[9] Bongers T,de Goede RGM,Korthals GW,et al.1995.Proposed changes of c-p classification for nematodes.Russ J Nematol,3:61～62
[10] Cook R,Yeates GW.1993.Nematode pests of grassland and forage crops.In:Evans K,eds.Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Temperate Agriculture.Wallingford:CAB International.305～350
[11] De Goede RGM,Bongers T,Ettema CH.1993.Graphical presentation and interpretation of nematode community structure:c-p triangles.Med Fac Landbouww Univ Gent,58(2b):743～750
[12] De Goede RGM,Dekker HH.1993.Effects of liming and fertilization on nematode communities in coniferous forest soils.Pedobiologia,37(4):193～209
[13] Doran JW,Parkin TB.1994.Defining and assessing soil quality.In:Doran JW,eds.Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment.SSSA Spec Publ,35:3～21
[14] Doran JW,Sarrantonio M,Liebig MA.1996.Soil health and sustainability.Adv Agron,56:2～55
[15] Doran JW,Zeiss MR.2000.Soil health and sustainability:Managing the biotic component of soil quality.Appl Soil Ecol,15:3～11
[16] Ekschmitt K,Bakonyi G,Bongers M,et al.2001.Nematode community structure as indicator of soil functioning in European grsssland soils.Eur J Soil Biol,37(4):263～268
[17] Ettma CH,Bongers T.1993.Characterization of nematode colonization and succession in disturbed soil using the Maturity Index.Biol Fert Soils,16(2):79～85
[18] Ferris H,Bongers T,de Goede RGM.2001.A framework for soil food web diagnostics:Extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept.Appl Soil Ecol,18:13～29
[19] Ferris H,Venette RC,Lau SS.1996.Dynamics of nematode communities in tomatoes grown in conventional and organic farming systems,and their impact on soil fertility.Appl Soil Ecol,3:161～175
[20] Fiscus DA,Neher DA.2002.Distinguishing sensitivity of free-living soil nematode genera to physical and chemical disturbances.Ecol Appl,12(2):565～575
[21] Freckman DW,Ettema CH.1993.Assessing nematode communities in agroecosystems of varying human intervention.Agric Ecosyst Environ,45(3-4):239～261
[22] Freckman DW,Virginia RA.1997.Low-diversity Antarctic soil nematode communities:Distribution and response to disturbance.Ecology,78(2):363～369
[23] Gupta VVSR,Yeetes GW.1997.Soil microfauna as bioindicators of soil health.In:Pankhurst CE,eds.Biological Indicators of Soil Health.Wallingford:CAB International.201～233
[24] Karlen DL,Ditzler CA,Andrews SS.2003.Soil quality:why and how? Geoderma,14(3～4):145～156
[25] Lenz R,Eisenbeis G.2000.Short-term effects of different tillage in a sustainable farming system on nematode community structure.Biol Fert Soils,31(3-4):237～244
[26] Liang W J,Chen L J,Li Q,et al.2002.Responses of nematode communities to inorganic fertilizer disturbance in a farmland ecosystem.Pedosphere,12(3):193～200
[27] Liang W-J(梁文举),Ge T-K(葛亭魁),Duan Y-X(段玉玺).2001.Bioindication of soil fauna to soil health.J Shenyang Agric Univ(沈阳农业大学学报),32(1):70～72(in Chinese)
[28] Liang WJ,Lavian I,Steinberger Y.2001.Effect of agricultural management on nematode communities in a Mediterranean agroecosystem.J Nematol,33(4):208～213
[29] Liang W-J(梁文举),Wen D-Z(闻大中).2001.Soil biota and its role in soil ecology.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),12(1):137～140(in Chinese)
[30] Li Z-W(李忠武),Zhang Y-M(张友梅),Xing X-J(邢协加).2002.Effect of Cadmium on soil animal community structure.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),11(6):931～934(in Chinese)
[31] Mcsorley R.1993.Short-term effect of fire on the nematode community in a pine forest.Pedobiologia,37(1):39～48
[32] Murialdo SE,Fuertes MG,Gonzalez JF,et al.2002.Nematodes as indicators of wetland pollution.J Environ Biol,23(4):423～428
[33] Nagy M,Bakonyi G,Bongers T,et al.2004.Effects of microelements on soil nematode assemblages seven years after contaminating an agricultural field.Sci Total Environ,320(23):131～143
[34] Neher DA.1999.Nematode communities in organically and conventionally managed agricultural soils.J Nematol,31(2):42～154
[35] Neher DA.2001.Role of nematodes in soil health and their use as indicators.J Nematol,33(4):161～168
[36] Neher DA,Campbell CL.1994.Nematode communities and microbial biomass in soils with annual and perennial crops.Appl Soil Ecol,1:17～28
[37] Neher DA,Campbell CL.1996.Sampling for regional monitoring of nematode communities in agricultural soils.J Nematol,28(2):196～208
[38] Neher DA,Easterling KN,Fiscus D,et al.1998.Comparison of nematode communities in agricultural soils of North Carolina and Nebraska.Ecol Appl,8(1):213～223
[39] Neher DA,Olson RK.1999.Nematode communities in soils of four farming cropping management systems.Pedobiologia,43(5):430～438
[40] Nombela G,Navas A,Bello A.1999.Nematodes as bioindicators of dry pasture recovery after temporary rye cultivation.Soil Biol Biochem,31(4):535～541
[41] Olafasson E,Elmgren R.1997.Seasonal dynamics of sublittoral meiobenthos in relation to phytoplankton sedimentation in the Blatic Sea.Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,45:149～164
[42] Pankhurst CE,Hawke BG,McDonald HJ,et al.1995.Evaluation of soil biological properties as potential bioindicators of soil health.Aust J Exp Agric,35(7):1015～1028
[43] Popovici I.1992.Nematodes as indicators of ecosystem disturbances due to pollution.Stud Univ Babes-Royal Biol,37(2):15～27
[44] Ritz K,Trudgill DL.1999.Utility of nematode community analysis as an integrated measure of functional state of soils:Perspectives and challenges.Plant Soil,212(1):1～11
[45] Ruf A.1998.A maturity index for predatory soil mites(Mesostig·mata:Gamasina)as an indicator of environmental impacts of pollution on forest soils.Appl Soil Ecol,9:447～452
[46] Russell CC.1986.The feeding habits of a species of Mesodorylaimus.J Nematol,18:641
[47] Sohlenius B.1996.Structure and composition of the nematode fauna in pine forest soil under the influence of clear-cutting-Effects of slash removal and field layer vegetation.Eur J Soil Biol,32(1):1～14
[48] Sohlenius B.1997.Fluctuations of nematode populations in pine forest soil influence by clear-cutting.Fundam Appl Nematol,20(2):103～114
[49] Wang X-C(王校常),Cao Z-H(曹志洪).2002.Health quality problems of paddy soil in the Taihu region.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(2):199～203(in Chinese)
[50] Wardie DA,Bardgett RD,Klironomos JN,et al.2004.Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota.Science,304(5677):1629～1633
[51] Wasilewska L.1995.Maturity and diversity of nematodes vs.longterm succession after stress.Nematologica,41:353
[52] Wodarz D,Aescht E,Foissner W.1992.A weighted coenotic index(WCI):Description and application to soil animal assemblages.Biol Fert Soils,14(1):5～13
[53] Wu JH,Fu CZ,Chen SS,et al.2002.Soil faunal response to land use:Effect of estuarine tideland reclamation on nematode communities.Appl Soil Ecol,21:131～147
[54] Yeates GW.1984.Variation in soil nematode diversity under pasture with soil and year.Soil Biol Biochem,16:95～102
[55] Yeates GW.1994.Modification and qualification of the nematode maturity index.Pedobiologia,38(2):97～101
[56] Yeates GW.2003.Nematodes as soil indicators:Functional and biodiversity aspects.Biol Fert Soils,37(4):199～210
[57] Yeates GW,Bongers T.1999.Nematode diversity in agroecosystems.Agric Ecosyst Environ,74(1～3):113～135
[58] Yeates GW,Bonges T,de Goede RGM,et al.1993.Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-An outline for soil ecologists.J Nematol,25:315～331
[59] Yeates GW,King KL.1997.Soil nematodes as indicators of the effect of management on grasslands in the New England Tableland(NSW):Comparison of native and improved grasslands.Pedobiologia,41(6):526～536
[60] Yeates GW,van der Meulen H.1996.Recolonization of methyl-bromide sterilized soils by plant and soil nematodes over 52 months.Biol Fert Soils,21(1-2):1～6
[61] Yeates GW,Waller PJ,King KL.1997.Soil nematodes as indicators of the effect of management on grasslands in the New England Tablelands(NSW):Effect of measures for control of parasites of sheep.Pedobiologia,41(6):537～548
[62] Yin W-Y(尹文英).2001.Retrospectives and prospectives on the studies of soil zoology.Bull Biol(生物学通报),36(8):1～3(in Chinese)
[63] Zhang T-L(张桃林),Pan J-J(潘剑君),Zhao Q-G(赵其国).1999.The advances and prospectives of soil quality research.Soil(土壤),31(1):1～7(in Chinese)
[64] Zhang W-M(张万民),Duan Y-X(段玉玺),Chen L-J(陈立杰),et al.2002.Effect of agrochemicals and biocontrol productions on soil nematode community dynamics.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(5):638～640(in Chinese)
[65] Zheng Z-P(郑昭佩),Liu Z-X(刘作新).2003.Soil quality and its evaluation.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(1):131～134(in Chinese)