符合经济生态效益的农田化肥施用量

应用生态学报

符合经济生态效益的农田化肥施用量

向平安¹;周燕²;郑华³;燕惠民⁴;黄璜¹;黄清云¹

¹湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院，长沙 410128；
²长沙卷烟厂科研中心，长沙 410014；
³中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京 100085；
⁴湖南省农业环境保护管理站，长沙 410011

收稿日期:2005-10-25 修回日期:2006-09-06 出版日期:2006-11-18 发布日期:2006-11-18

Optimal chemical fertilizer application rate accorded with local economic and ecological benefits

XIANG Ping'an¹; ZHOU Yan²; ZHENG Hua³; YAN Huimin⁴; HUANG Huang¹;HUANG Qingyun¹

¹College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128, China;
²Technical Center of Changsha Cigarette Factory, Changsha 410014, China;
³Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China;
⁴Agro-environment Protection and Administration Station of Hunan Province, Changsha 410011, China

Received:2005-10-25 Revised:2006-09-06 Online:2006-11-18 Published:2006-11-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在洞庭湖区研究了农田化肥的外部成本和经济生态施用量.采用环境影响经济评价方法，估算了化肥的外部成本；运用外部不经济性原理和生产函数模型研究了兼顾农户经济效益、生态效益的农田适宜施肥量.结果表明，2002年洞庭湖区粮食生产中因化肥施用不当而带来的外部成本约为1.35×10⁸元，每千克纯氮的外部成本约为0.3元.在洞庭湖区目前生产条件下，兼顾生产、经济、生态三效益的适宜施肥量是208.26～210.65 kg·hm^-2，相应的粮食产量为5528～5539 kg·hm^-2.2002年洞庭湖区粮食生产实际施肥量已超过农户经济最优施肥量和生态适宜施肥量，建议政府在一些化肥高投入、高污染的地区征收环境污染税.

关键词: 温度效应, 产甲烷菌, 甲烷氧化菌

Abstract: This paper studied the exterior cost of applying chemical fertilizer on the farmland in Dongting Lake area, one of the main foodstuff production regions in China, aimed to search for an optimal chemical fertilizer application rate accorded with local economic and ecological benefits. The exterior cost was estimated by the method of economic and environmental evaluation, while the optimal application rate was calculated based on Exterior Diseconomy Theory and by using production function model, with both ecological and farmers’ economic benefits considered. The results showed that in 2002, the exterior cost of inappropriately applying chemical fertilizer was about 1.35×10⁸ yuan, equivalent to 0.3 yuan·kg^-1fertilizer N.Under current situation of test area, the optimal application rate of chemical fertilizer should be 208.26～210.65 kg·hm^-2, and the corresponding foodstuff supply would be 5528～5539 kg·hm^-2.However,the actual fertilizer application rate in 2002 exceeded the optimal one. A suggestion was made to impose tax for the environmental pollution of over-using chemical fertilizer.

Key words: Temperature effectiveness, Methanogen, Methanotroph

向平安¹;周燕²;郑华³;燕惠民⁴;黄璜¹;黄清云¹. 符合经济生态效益的农田化肥施用量[J]. 应用生态学报.

XIANG Ping'an¹; ZHOU Yan²; ZHENG Hua³; YAN Huimin⁴; HUANG Huang¹;HUANG Qingyun¹. Optimal chemical fertilizer application rate accorded with local economic and ecological benefits[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.

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