水盐增加对闽江河口湿地土壤孔隙水氮动态的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202510.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河口湿地作为陆地、大气和海洋相互作用的活跃区域,在全球氮循环中扮演关键角色。本研究选取闽江河口鳝鱼滩短叶茳芏半咸水湿地为研究对象,设置对照(裸露土壤,CK)、潮水(淹水5 cm、盐度2~11,TW)和盐水(淹水5 cm、盐度15,SW)3种处理,研究海水入侵引起的盐度和淹水程度增加对河口湿地土壤孔隙水全氮(TN)、无机氮组分及水土理化性质的影响。结果表明:1)与CK相比,TW处理降低了土壤孔隙水硝态氮(NO₃^--N)和亚硝态氮(NO₂^--N)含量,降幅分别为30.0%和25.0%;SW处理降低了土壤孔隙水NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N和TN含量,降幅分别为65.0%、50.0%和16.1%,轻微提高了土壤孔隙水铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)含量,增幅为8.7%。2)TN与土壤温度呈显著正相关,与含水量呈显著负相关;NH₄⁺-N与土壤温度呈显著正相关,与孔隙水pH及含水量呈显著负相关;而NO₃^--N与土壤温度呈显著负相关。3)结构方程模型(SEM)分析表明,盐度对NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N具有显著负向直接效应,而对NH₄⁺-N则表现出显著正向直接效应。海水入侵引起的水盐耦合增加通过抑制硝化作用和促进反硝化作用更强烈地影响土壤孔隙水氮组分转化,进而加速河口湿地氮亏损。

关键词: 无机氮, 全氮, 海水入侵, 闽江河口湿地

Abstract: Estuarine wetlands, functioning as dynamic interfaces among terrestrial, atmospheric, and marine systems, are critical components of global nitrogen cycle. Here, we examined the effects of increased salinity and inundation induced by seawater intrusion on total nitrogen (TN), inorganic nitrogen fractions in soil pore water, as well as the physicochemical properties of soil and pore water in the brackish Cyperus malaccensis wetland in Shanyutan of the Minjiang River Estuary, by conducting an experiment with three treatments, control (bare soil,CK), tidal water (flooding depth 5 cm, salinity 2-11, TW), and saline water (flooding depth 5 cm, salinity 15, SW). The result showed that: 1) TW treatment reduced the contents of NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N in soil pore water by 30.0% and 25.0%, respectively. The SW treatment reduced the contents of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), nitrite nitrogen (NO₂^--N), and TN in soil pore water by 65.0%, 50.0%, and 16.1%, respectively, while slightly increased the ammo-nium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) content by 8.7%. 2) TN was positively correlated with soil temperature but negatively correlated with soil moisture. NH₄⁺-N was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and negatively correlated with pore water pH and soil moisture, whereas NO₃^--N exhibited a significant negative correlation with soil temperature. 3) The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicated that salinity had a significant negative and direct effect on NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N, and a significant positive and direct effect on NH₄⁺-N. Increased water-salinity coupling induced by seawater intrusion would more strongly affect nitrogen transformations in soil pore water by suppressing nitrification and promoting denitrification, thereby accelerating nitrogen loss in the estuarine wetland.

Key words: inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, seawater intrusion, Minjiang River Estuary wetland

余燕萍, 王纯, 王亚非, 张雨硕, 王维奇, 仝川. 水盐增加对闽江河口湿地土壤孔隙水氮动态的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(10): 2936-2944.

YU Yanping, WANG Chun, WANG Yafei, ZHANG Yushuo, WANG Weiqi, TONG Chuan. Impact of increased water and salt on nitrogen dynamics in soil pore water of the Minjiang River estuary wetland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(10): 2936-2944.

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