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应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 2685-2693.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.008

• 多因子障碍粮田产能提升专栏(专栏策划: 孙志梅、黄少辉、张俊华) • 上一篇    下一篇

基于整合分析的河北省夏玉米优化施肥效应及其影响因素

杨文方1, 王敬霞1, 聂浩亮1, 杨军方1, 杨云马1, 刘克桐2, 黄少辉1*, 贾良良1   

  1. 1河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所/河北省土壤培肥与农业绿色发展重点实验室, 石家庄 050051;
    2河北省耕地质量监测保护中心, 石家庄 050000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03 接受日期:2025-07-23 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2026-04-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mall: shaohui1988@sina.com
  • 作者简介:杨文方,女,1989年生,硕士,副研究员。主要从事农业资源利用研究。E-mail:ywf_0825@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901004,2021YFD1901001)、河北省自然科学基金项目(C2023301057)和河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费项目(2024130201)

Optimized fertilization effects of summer maize in Hebei Province and their influencing factors: A meta-analysis

YANG Wenfang1, WANG Jingxia1, NIE Haoliang1, YANG Junfang1, YANG Yunma1, LIU Ketong2, HUANG Shaohui1*, JIA Liangliang1   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Fertility Improvement and Agricultural Green Development, Shijiazhuang 050051, China;
    2Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
  • Received:2025-03-03 Accepted:2025-07-23 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2026-04-18

摘要: 明确优化施肥对河北省夏玉米生产的产量效应和环境效应,解析其影响因素,可为区域农业绿色发展提供数据支撑。本研究以2006—2022年在河北省布置的田间试验为基础,以农民习惯施肥(FP)和不施肥(CK)为对照,采用整合分析方法量化优化施肥(OPT)的增产效果和温室气体减排综合效应,应用随机森林模型解析区域(保定、沧州、廊坊、衡水、石家庄、邯郸、邢台)、生长时间(≤100、101~110、111~120和>120 d)、土壤类型(潮土、潮褐土、石灰性褐土和其他)、土壤地力(低、中、高)等因素对其影响。结果表明:与CK和FP相比,OPT夏玉米增产幅度分别为45.3%和8.3%;与FP相比,OPT能显著降低由施肥引起的全球增温潜势(GWPF)和温室气体排放强度(GHGIF),减排幅度分别为8.7%和16.0%。不同区域中,以沧州、邯郸地区OPT增产幅度分别最高,GWPF和GHGIF以廊坊、邯郸地区减排幅度分别最高;不同土壤类型中,石灰性褐土OPT增产和减排效应均最好;不同生长时间下,以生长时长≤100 d时OPT增产减排幅度最大;土壤地力低于5.5 t·hm-2时,OPT增产减排幅度较大。在土壤有机质含量为10.0~15.0和>25.0 g·kg-1、pH为8.0~8.5和8.5~9.0、碱解氮含量为50.0~80.0和≤50.0 mg·kg-1、有效磷含量为10.0~15.0和≤10.0 mg·kg-1、速效钾含量为100~115 和>130 mg·kg-1条件下,OPT较CK和FP的增产效应最大;在土壤有机质含量10.0~15.0 g·kg-1、pH 6.5~7.5、有效磷含量>30.0 mg·kg-1和速效钾含量100~115 mg·kg-1时,OPT处理GWPF和GHGIF减排效应均最大,碱解氮含量110~140、>140.0 mg·kg-1时,GWPF和GHGIF减排效应分别最大。随机森林模型分析结果显示,区域、施肥管理分别是增产和温室气体减排效应的主要影响因素。综上,优化施肥可显著提高河北省夏玉米产量、降低温室气体排放。

关键词: 夏玉米, 优化施肥, 整合分析, 环境效应

Abstract: Clarifying the yield and environmental effects of optimized fertilization in summer maize production in Hebei Province, and analyzing the influencing factors, are critical for providing data support for regional green agricultural development. Based on field trials conducted in Hebei Province from 2006 to 2022, we used farmer practice fertilization (FP) and no fertilization (CK) as control groups for optimized fertilization (OPT) to quantify the yield increase and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction effects of optimized fertilization by meta-analysis. We analyzed the impacts of region identity (Baoding, Cangzhou, Langfang, Hengshui, Shijiazhuang, Handan and Xingtai), growing time (≤100, 101-110, 111-120, and >120 d), soil type (fluvo-aquic, meadow cinnamon, cinnamon and other), and soil fertility (high, medium, low) with random forest model. The results showed that compared to CK and FP, OPT significantly increased maize yields by 45.3% and 8.3%, respectively. Compared to FP, optimized fertilization significantly reduced fertilization-induced global warming potential (GWPF) and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGIF) by 8.7% and 16.0%, respectively. Among different regions, Cangzhou and Handan exhibited the highest yield increases in OPT treatment, while Langfang and Handan achieved the highest emission reductions, corresponding to GWPF and GHGIF. Among the soil types, calcareous cinnamon soil demonstrated the best performance in both yield increase and emission reduction. Across different growing periods, when it was ≤100 days, optimized fertilization achieved the highest yield and emission reduction benefits. Under basic soil productivity below 5.5 t·hm-2, OPT showed greater potential for yield improvement and emission mitigation. For different soil fertility factors, when soil organic matter 10.0-15.0 g·kg-1 and >25.0 g·kg-1, pH 8.0-8.5 and 8.5-9.0, available nitrogen 50.0-80.0 mg·kg-1 and ≤50.0 mg·kg-1, Olsen phosphorus 10.0-15.0 mg·kg-1 and ≤10.0 mg·kg-1, and available potassium 100-115 mg·kg-1 and >130 mg·kg-1, the OPT had the greatest yield-increasing effect compared with the CK and FP, respectively. For emission reduction, when soil organic matter 10.0-15.0 g·kg-1, pH 6.5-7.5, Olsen phosphorus >30.0 mg·kg-1, and available potassium 100-115 mg·kg-1, the OPT treatment had the greatest reduction effect of GWPF and GHGIF. When available nitrogen 110-140 and >140.0 mg·kg-1, the OPT treatment had the greatest reduction effect of GWPF and GHGIF, respectively. The random forest model revealed that region identity and fertilization management were the most influential factor on yield and GHG mitigation, respectively. In summary, optimized fertilization could significantly increase the yield of summer maize in Hebei Province and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Key words: summer maize, optimized fertilization, meta-analysis, environmental effect