黑河流域中游绿洲农田蒸散发和防护林蒸腾及其影响因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.023

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 2815-2826.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.023

黑河流域中游绿洲农田蒸散发和防护林蒸腾及其影响因素

鱼腾飞^1,2*, 韩拓^1,2, 席海洋^1,2, 武龙庆³, 程文举¹, 冯起^1,2

¹中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室, 兰州 730000;
² 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 阿拉善荒漠生态水文试验研究站, 兰州 730000;
³ 甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院, 甘肃张掖 734000

收稿日期:2025-01-03 接受日期:2025-06-27 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2026-04-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: yutf@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:鱼腾飞,男,1987年生,博士,副研究员。主要从事旱区生态水文方面的研究。E-mail:yutf@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
甘肃省科技重大专项(23ZDFA018)、甘肃省杰出青年基金项目(24JRRA076)和中国科学院B类战略性先导科技专项课题(XDB0720401)

Cropland evapotranspiration, shelter forest transpiration and the determining factors in the middle Heihe River Basin, China

YU Tengfei^1,2*, HAN Tuo^1,2, XI Haiyang^1,2, WU Longqing³, CHENG Wenju¹, FENG Qi^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
²Alax Desert Eco-hydrological Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
³Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China

Received:2025-01-03 Accepted:2025-06-27 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2026-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 农田和防护林是干旱区绿洲生态系统最重要的景观类型,农田和防护林的耗水是绿洲水资源利用的重要方式。本研究以黑河流域中游农田和防护林为研究对象,基于涡动相关法和树干液流法分别测定了农田蒸散发和防护林蒸腾,并结合定位监测的气象、水文要素和遥感反演的植被指数,分析了农田蒸散发和防护林蒸腾的变化及其影响因素。结果表明: 2024年生长季(4—10月)内,研究区农田日蒸散发量为1.38 mm·d^-1,累积蒸散发量为268.3 mm,7月最高;防护林日蒸腾量为1.93 mm·d^-1,年累积蒸腾量达392.7 mm,8月最高。影响农田和防护林耗水的主要因子存在差异。气象-植被因子(包括太阳辐射、风速和叶面积指数)和水分因子(包括降水、15和30 cm土壤含水量)的交互作用可解释农田蒸散发变化的77%,气象-植被因子(包括气温、相对湿度、太阳辐射、水汽压差和归一化植被指数)可解释防护林蒸腾变化的69%,水分因子对防护林蒸腾变化的解释率较低,可能是由于农田和防护林的水分来源不同。

Abstract: Cropland and shelter forest are the most important landscape types of oasis ecosystems in arid regions, and water consumption within which is a major way to utilize oasis water resource. Taking cropland and shelter forest in the middle Heihe River Basin as the research objects, we measured the evapotranspiration (ET) of croplands by the eddy covariance method and the transpiration (T) of shelter forests by trunk sap flow method. By combining meteorological and hydrological data from field monitoring with remote sensing vegetation indices, we analyzed the variations and influencing factors of ET and T. The results showed that, during the growing season from April to October in 2024, the daily ET of croplands was 1.38 mm·d^-1, with a total of 268.3 mm, peaking in July. Daily T of shelter forest was 1.93 mm·d^-1. The annual T was 392.7 mm, peaking in August. The determining factors of cropland evapotranspiration and shelter forest transpiration showed obvious difference. The interaction of meteorological-vegetation factors (including solar radiation, wind speed and leaf area index) and moisture factors (including precipitation, soil water content at 15 and 30 cm depths) accounted for 77% variation of cropland evapotranspiration. Meteorological-vegetation factors (including air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit and normalized differential vegetation index) independently explained 69% variation of shelterbelt forest transpiration, whereas moisture factors had a lower explanatory rate for variation of shelter forest transpiration. One possible explanation was that water sources were different for cropland and shelter forest.

Key words: evapotranspiration, transpiration, eddy covariance method, shelter forest, maize cropland, Heihe River Basin

鱼腾飞, 韩拓, 席海洋, 武龙庆, 程文举, 冯起. 黑河流域中游绿洲农田蒸散发和防护林蒸腾及其影响因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2815-2826.

YU Tengfei, HAN Tuo, XI Haiyang, WU Longqing, CHENG Wenju, FENG Qi. Cropland evapotranspiration, shelter forest transpiration and the determining factors in the middle Heihe River Basin, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(9): 2815-2826.

参考文献

[1] 黄友波, 郑冬燕, 夏军, 等. 黑河地区水资源脆弱性及其生态问题分析. 水资源与水工程学报, 2005, 15(1): 32-37
[2] 王云祥. 张掖市打造新时代全国节水型社会建设新标杆[EB/OL]. (2024-10-18) [2025-01-03]. https://slt.gansu.gov.cn
[3] 胡广录, 陶虎, 焦娇, 等. 黑河中游正义峡径流变化趋势及归因分析. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(9): 1414-1424
[4] 吴子晗, 章孙逊, 张帆, 等. 未来气候情景下黑河中游灌溉供需水模拟与缺水风险分析[EB/OL]. (2024-12-02) [2025-01-01]. 灌溉排水学报. https://doi.org/10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024260
[5] An Q, Staal A, Liu L, et al. Crops feed rain to drylands in northwest China. Earth’s Future, 2024, 12: e2024EF004791
[6] 吴锦奎, 丁永建, 王根绪, 等. 干旱区制种玉米农田蒸散研究. 灌溉排水学报, 2007, 26(1): 14-17
[7] Zhang YY, Zhao WZ, He JH, et al. Energy exchange and evapotranspiration over irrigated seed maize agroecosystems in a desert-oasis region, northwest China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2016, 223: 48-59
[8] 赵丽雯, 赵文智, 吉喜斌. 西北黑河中游荒漠绿洲农田作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发区分及作物耗水规律. 生态学报, 2015, 35(4): 1114-1123
[9] Chang XX, Zhao WZ, Zhang ZH, et al. Sap flow and tree conductance of shelter-belt in arid region of China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2006, 138: 132-141
[10] 常学向, 赵文智. 荒漠绿洲农田防护树种二白杨生长季节树干液流的变化. 生态学报, 2004, 24(7): 1436-1441
[11] 常学向, 赵文智, 赵爱芬. 黑河中游二白杨叶面积指数动态变化及其与耗水量的关系. 冰川冻土, 2006, 28(1): 85-90
[12] 张紫森, 汤鹏程, 徐冰, 等. 喷灌与畦灌对拉萨河谷农田小气候和蒸散量的影响分析. 节水灌溉, 2022(8): 96-101
[13] 张雪松, 闫艺兰, 胡正华. 不同时间尺度农田蒸散影响因子的通径分析. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(4): 201-210
[14] Wang CY, Li SE, Kang SZ, et al. Evapotranspiration and potential water saving effect evaluation of mulched maize fields in China. Journal of Hydrology, 2024, 630: 130658
[15] 宋金堆, 肖辉杰, 辛智鸣, 等. 荒漠绿洲区新疆杨蒸腾耗水特性研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2024, 38(7): 162-171
[16] 魏宁宁, 母艳梅, 姜晓燕, 等. 毛乌素沙地油蒿-杨柴灌丛生态系统蒸散组分分配及其影响因子. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(7): 2407-2414
[17] Falge E, Baldocchi D, Olson R, et al. Gap filling strategies for long term energy flux data sets. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2001, 107: 71-77
[18] Yu TF, Feng Q, Si JH, et al. Depressed hydraulic redistribution of roots more by stem refilling than by nocturnal transpiration for Populus euphratica Oliv. in situ measurement. Ecology and Evolution, 2018, 8: 2607-2616
[19] Wang YH, Li SE, Liang H, et al. Comparison of water- and nitrogen-use efficiency over drip irrigation with border irrigation based on a model approach. Agronomy, 2020, 10: 1890
[20] Fan JL, McConkey B, Wang H, et al. Root distribution by depth for temperate agricultural crops. Field Crops Research, 2016, 189: 68-74
[21] Zhu W, Zhou O, Sun YM, et al. Effects of stand age and structure on root distribution and root water uptake in fast-growing poplar plantations. Journal of Hydrology, 2023, 616: 128831
[22] Chen HS, Shao MA, Li YY. Soil desiccation in the Loess Plateau of China. Geoderma, 2008, 143: 91-100
[23] Zhao M, A GR, Zhang JE. et al. Ecological restoration impact on total terrestrial water storage. Nature Sustainability, 2021, 4: 56-62
[24] Li W, Xiong W, Yang WB, et al. Poplar trees do not always act as a water pump: Evidence from modeling deep drainage in a low-coverage-mode shelterbelt in China. Journal of Hydrology, 2022, 605: 127383
[25] 吕王亦庄, 赵文智. 河西走廊酒泉绿洲农田防护林格局与结构. 中国沙漠, 2023, 43(6): 237-245
[26] Zhang Y, Zhang KC, An ZS. Quantification of driving factors on NDVI in oasis-desert ecotone using geographical detector method. Journal of Mountain Science, 2019, 16: 2615-2624
[27] 王茜, 陈莹, 阮玺睿, 等. 1982—2012年中国NDVI变化及其与气候因子的关系. 草地学报, 2017, 25(4): 691-700
[28] Fu Z, Ciais P, Makowski D, et al. Uncovering the critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress for European ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 2022, 28: 2111-2123
[29] 常乐, 刘美君, 吕金林. 树干液流对蒸腾驱动因子响应的土壤水分限制与非限制特征. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(4): 1064-1072
[30] Novick KA, Ficklin DL, Stoy PC, et al. The increasing importance of atmospheric demand for ecosystem water and carbon fluxes. Nature Climate Change, 2016, 6: 1023-1027
[31] 曾巧, 马剑英. 黑河流域不同生境植物水分来源及环境指示意义. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(1): 148-155
[32] 孜尔蝶·巴合提, 贾国栋, 余新晓, 等. 基于稳定同位素分析不同退化程度小叶杨水分来源. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(6):1807-1816
[33] 万彦博, 师庆东, 戴岳, 等. 沙漠腹地天然绿洲不同林龄胡杨水分利用来源. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(2): 353-359

黑河流域中游绿洲农田蒸散发和防护林蒸腾及其影响因素

Cropland evapotranspiration, shelter forest transpiration and the determining factors in the middle Heihe River Basin, China

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	冯雄, 钱佳霖, 卜灵心, 赵梦扬, 杨钊, 冯克鹏. 三北防护林工程区多源降水和蒸散发数据产品适用性评估及时空变化 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2782-2796.
[2]	王婧茹, 杨林山, 卢调雪, 夏鸿华, 邹星怡, 贺王含. 祁连山浅山区荒漠草原蒸散发多方法估算与影响因素 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(7): 2055-2063.
[3]	袁超峰, 王文志, 吴喆虹, 苏勇, 罗玲卓. 健康与衰退樟子松和杨树径向生长响应气候及其生态弹性差异 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(2): 411-417.
[4]	刘鑫, 宋立宁, 张金鑫, 朱新玮, 赵玉民, 郑青山. 沙地云杉液流周向和径向变异及其对蒸腾耗水估算的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(9): 2483-2491.
[5]	陈忠灿, 王京学, 杨长乐, 杨骁, 高广磊, 张学森. 林带断面形状及布置形式对防护林带防风效应影响的大涡模拟 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(7): 1877-1886.
[6]	任晓娟, 李国栋, 张曼, 丁圣彦, 王靖钰, 孙雪健, 李鹏飞. 黄河故道区夏玉米农田水热传输特征及对环境因子的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(6): 1635-1644.
[7]	吴德东, 刘志民, 曹宇. 半干旱风沙区“山水林田湖草沙”建设中防护林营建的原理与方法 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(1): 17-24.
[8]	朱向明, 彭伟, 冉恩华, 富美玲, 郑月姮, 张于. 典型黑土区春玉米茎流特征及其环境影响因素 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 921-927.
[9]	曹银轩, 黄卓, 徐喜娟, 陈上, 王钊, 冯浩, 于强, 何建强. 黄土高原植被日光诱导叶绿素荧光对气象干旱的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(2): 457-466.
[10]	闫明, 刘青青, 刘志萍, 奚为民. 干旱和林分因子对树木死亡的影响——以美国德克萨斯州东部国家森林为例 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(11): 2897-2906.
[11]	魏宁宁, 母艳梅, 姜晓燕, 贾昕, 高圣杰, 蒋燕, 靳川, 韩聪, 查天山. 毛乌素沙地油蒿-杨柴灌丛生态系统蒸散组分分配及其影响因子 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(7): 2407-2414.
[12]	武昱鑫, 张永娥, 贾国栋, 王渝凇, 余新晓. 基于多种同位素模型的侧柏林生态系统蒸散组分定量拆分 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 1971-1979.
[13]	韦钧培, 杨云川, 谢鑫昌, 廖丽萍, 田忆, 周津羽. 基于三温模型的南宁市蒸散量估算及其影响因素 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(1): 289-298.
[14]	李龙, 唐常源, 曹英杰. 亚热带地区常绿阔叶林SPAC系统水分的氢氧稳定同位素特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(9): 2875-2884.
[15]	曹恭祥, 王云霓, 郭中, 季蒙, 王彦辉, 徐丽宏. 六盘山南侧华北落叶松人工林蒸腾对土壤水分和潜在蒸散的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(10): 3376-3384.