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应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3636-3646.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.036

• 山水林田湖草沙保护修复专栏(专栏策划: 岳文泽、肖武) • 上一篇    下一篇

干热河谷区高陡岩质边坡生态修复效果评价

张伦1,2,3, 张宇龙1, 夏振尧1,2,3, 丁瑜1,2,3, 刘畅1,4, 张昺榴5, 周孟夏5, 崔磊6, 肖海1,2,3*   

  1. 1三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室, 湖北宜昌 443002;
    2三峡大学土木与建筑学院, 湖北宜昌 443002;
    3三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心, 湖北宜昌 443002;
    4安陆市解放山水库管理处, 湖北孝感 432600;
    5中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司, 成都 611130;
    6水电水利规划设计总院, 北京 100120
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-02 修回日期:2025-11-03 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2026-07-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: oceanshawctgu@163.com
  • 作者简介:张伦, 男, 1987年生, 讲师。主要从事根系固土机理与生态修复。E-mail: lunz.ctgu@vip.163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52378351)、中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司科研项目(BHT/0869)和土木工程防灾减灾湖北省引智创新示范基地项目(2021EJD026)

Evaluation of ecological restoration effect of high-steep rocky slopes in dry-hot valley region

ZHANG Lun1,2,3, ZHANG Yulong1, XIA Zhenyao1,2,3, DING Yu1,2,3, LIU Chang1,4, ZHANG Bingliu5, ZHOU Mengxia5, CUI Lei6, XIAO Hai1,2,3*   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China;
    2College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China;
    3Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China;
    4Anlu Jiefangshan Reservoir Administration Office, Xiaogan 432600, Hubei, China;
    5China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation, Chengdu 611130, China;
    6China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Beijing 100120, China
  • Received:2025-07-02 Revised:2025-11-03 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2026-07-18

摘要: 为科学评价干热河谷区高陡岩质边坡不同生态修复技术的修复效果,本研究以白鹤滩水电站高陡岩质边坡为研究对象,对3种典型边坡生态修复技术——植被混凝土(VC)、无土喷播(SPF)及植生槽(VS)进行对比分析,于2022年1—12月开展为期1年的土壤理化指标和植被特征监测,运用最小数据集法计算生态恢复指数(ERI),综合评价各技术的生态修复效果。结果表明: 1)在养护监测期间,3种修复技术的土壤物理指标(容重、孔隙度、含水率)、土壤有机质和化学养分(全氮、全磷、有效磷)含量均随季节呈波动变化趋势,植物指标(株高、株径、植被覆盖度、地上生物量)分别由3.6~9.3 cm、0.98~2.16 mm、0.12~0.61和42.80~163.56 g·m-2和提升至11.5~14.7 cm、2.85~4.05 mm、0.68~0.98和368.00~421.12 g·m-2,阳离子交换量由6.13~13.94 cmol·kg-1提升至13.94~20.42 cmol·kg-1,pH值则由7.56~8.05下降至7.17~7.51。其中VC在改善土壤结构和促进植物生长方面总体优于SPF和VS。2)最小数据集由株高、有效磷、植被覆盖度、容重、全氮组成,与全数据集呈极显著正相关(R2=0.733),可有效替代全数据集进行生态修复效果评价。3)边坡生态恢复进程呈现“土壤基质构建-植物生长繁育”的恢复路径:3种修复技术下春季土壤对ERI的贡献率为66.3%~70.5%;夏季土壤对ERI的贡献率为43.7%~58.4%,植被对ERI的贡献率为41.6%~56.3%;秋季和冬季植被对ERI的贡献率均超过土壤贡献率,分别为54.7%~64.1%和55.6%~61.0%。4)3种典型边坡生态修复技术的年均ERI值排序为VC(0.576)>SPF(0.549)>VS(0.452),终期值呈现相同趋势(0.676>0.639>0.538),表明VC生态修复效果最佳。

关键词: 高陡岩质边坡, 边坡生态修复, 干热河谷, 最小数据集, 生态恢复指数

Abstract: To evaluate the actual effects of different ecological restoration technologies on high and steep rock slopes in the dry-hot valley area, we compared three typical slope ecological restoration techniques, vegetation concrete (VC), soilless spraying (SPF), and vegetation trough (VS) on the high and steep rock slope of Baihetan Hydropower Station. We conducted a one-year monitoring of soil physical and chemical indicators and vegetation characteristics from January to December 2022, and calculated the ecological restoration index (ERI) using the minimum dataset method, which were used to comprehensively evaluate the ecological restoration effects of each technique. The results showed that: 1) During the maintenance monitoring period, soil physical characteristics (bulk density, porosity, moisture content), soil organic matter, and nutrient (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus) contents of the three remediation techniques showed a fluctuating trend with seasons. Plant characteristics (plant height, plant diameter, vegetation coverage coefficient, aboveground biomass) increased from 3.6-9.3 cm, 0.98-2.16 mm, 0.12-0.61, and 42.80-163.56 g·m-2 to 11.5-14.7 cm, 2.85-4.05 mm, 0.68-0.98, and 368.00-421.12 g·m-2, respectively, while cation exchange capacity increased from 6.13-13.94 cmol·kg-1 to 13.94-20.42 cmol·kg-1. Soil pH decreased from 7.56-8.05 to 7.17-7.51. VC was generally superior to SPF and VS in enhancing soil structure and plant growth. 2) The minimum dataset consisted of plant height, available phosphorus, vegetation coverage, bulk density, and total nitrogen, which were significantly positively correlated with the entire dataset (R2=0.733) and could effectively replace the entire dataset for ecological restoration evaluation. 3) The restoration process of slopes presented a restoration path of “soil matrix construction plant growth and reproduction”. The contribution rate of soil ERI of the three restoration techniques in spring was 66.3%-70.5%, that in summer was 43.7%-58.4%, with the contribution rate of vegetation to ERI being 41.6%-56.3%. The contribution rate of vegetation to ERI in autumn and winter exceeded that of soil, ranging from 54.7% to 64.1% and 55.6% to 61.0%, respectively. 4) The annual average ERI values of three typical slope ecological restoration techniques were ranked as VC (0.576)>SPF (0.549)>VS (0.452), and the final values showed the same trend (0.676>0.639>0.538), indicating that VC had the best ecological restoration effect.

Key words: high-steep rocky slope, slope ecological restoration, dry-hot valley, minimum data set, ecological restoration index