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应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 1066-1074.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202604.010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

密度及水肥耦合对荒漠草原乡土植物牛枝子种子生产性能的影响

马婷婷1, 高福洁1, 妥海东2, 魏浩男3, 刘定鑫4, 彭文栋4, 韩丙芳5*, 马红彬1   

  1. 1宁夏大学宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心/农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室/宁夏大学林业与草业学院, 银川 750021;
    2海原县林业和草原局, 宁夏中卫 755200;
    3中宁县林业和草原局, 宁夏中卫 755100;
    4盐池县科技服务中心, 宁夏吴忠 751500;
    5宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院/旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心/宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心, 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09 修回日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-04-18 发布日期:2026-05-29
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: hanbf@nxu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:马婷婷, 女, 1999年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事草地生态与草地管理研究。E-mail: 2991950787@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    海原县天然草原刈割和改良效应监测评价项目(2024)、中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(2024)、宁夏中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023FRD05035)和宁夏大学水利工程“一流学科”建设项目

Coupling effects of planting density, water, and fertilizer on seed production of native plant Lespedeza potaninii in desert steppe

MA Tingting1, GAO Fujie1, TUO Haidong2, WEI Haonan3, LIU Dingxin4, PENG Wendong4, HAN Bingfang5*, MA Hongbin1   

  1. 1Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia Province, Ningxia University/Key Laboratory of Forage Efficient Production Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    2Bureau of Forestry and Grassland of Haiyuan County, Zhongwei 755200, Ningxia, China;
    3Bureau of Forestry and Grassland of Zhongning County, Zhongwei 755100, Ningxia, China;
    4Scientific and Technical Service Center of Yanchi County, Wuzhong 751500, Ningxia, China;
    5School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University/Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education/Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • Received:2025-09-09 Revised:2026-03-11 Online:2026-04-18 Published:2026-05-29

摘要: 合理的水肥管理和种植密度对提高牧草种子生产性能具有重要意义。本研究以宁夏荒漠草原乡土植物牛枝子为对象,采用五因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合设计(1/2实施)方法,研究了种植密度及水肥耦合作用对牛枝子种子生产相关农艺性状、种子质量和产量的影响。结果表明:种植密度和灌溉定额均对牛枝子株高、叶片相对叶绿素含量和花序数有显著影响,施N、P、K肥对生殖枝数和荚果种子数有显著影响,适宜的种植密度和灌溉定额可以提高牛枝子叶片的相对叶绿素含量,从而增强光合能力,合理的N、P、K肥配比能够协调植株的营养生长和生殖生长,产生足够数量的生殖枝并最大限度地实现生产潜力,最终获得最高的种子产量。种植密度为8.5万株·hm-2,灌溉定额为1475 m3·hm-2,施N量为15.0 kg·hm-2,施P量为27.5 kg·hm-2,施K量为56.3 kg·hm-2时牛枝子种子产量最高,为1525.48 kg·hm-2。种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和千粒重均在施P量为110.0 kg·hm-2时达到最高,分别为80.0%、75.0%、29.8%和2.21 g。基于构建的数学模型,实现牛枝子高种子产量的最优组合方案为种植密度在8.05~8.20万株·hm-2、灌溉定额在746.98~765.53 m3·hm-2、施N量在29.07~30.93 kg·hm-2、施P量在53.30~56.71 kg·hm-2、施K量在36.33~38.67 kg·hm-2。在荒漠草原生态条件下,通过调控牛枝子密度和水肥,既可实现高产,又能保障种子质量,本研究可为该地区草种生产及生态修复用种提供理论依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 牛枝子, 水肥梯度, 种植密度, 耦合效应, 种子生产性能

Abstract: Optimizing planting density and water-fertilizer management is crucial for enhancing seed production performance of forage grasses. Based on an experiment with five-factor, five-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotary combinatorial design (1/2 implementation), we investigated the combined effects of planting density, water, and fertilizer on agronomic traits, seed yield and quality of Lespedeza potaninii, a native plant species in the desert steppe of Ningxia. The results showed that both planting density and irrigation quota significantly affected plant height, relative leaf chlorophyll content, and inflorescence number. Applications of N, P, and K fertilizers significantly influenced the number of reproductive branches and seeds per pod. Appropriate planting density and irrigation quota increased the relative chlorophyll content in leaves, and thus enhanced photosynthetic capacity. A balanced ratio of N, P, and K fertilizers coordinated vegetative and reproductive growth, maximizing production potential due to an adequate number of reproductive branches and ultimately achieving the highest seed yield. The maximum seed yield of 1525.48 kg·hm-2 was obtained with a planting density of 8.5×104 plants·hm-2, an irrigation quota of 1475 m3·hm-2, and the N, P, and K application rates of 15.0 kg·hm-2, 27.5 kg·hm-2, and 56.3 kg·hm-2, respectively. Seed germination rate, germination potential, and germination index peaked at a P application rate of 110.0 kg·hm-2, reaching 80.0%, 75.0%, and 29.8%, respectively, with a corresponding thousand-seed weight of 2.21 g. Based on the constructed mathematical model, the optimal combination for achieving high seed yield was a planting density of 8.05×104-8.20×104 individuals·hm-2, an irrigation quota of 746.98-765.53 m3·hm-2, an N application rate of 29.07-30.93 kg·hm-2, a P application rate of 53.30-56.71 kg·hm-2, and a K application rate of 36.33-38.67 kg·hm-2. Our results demonstrated that both high yield and seed quality could be achieved through the integrated management of planting density, irrigation, and fertilization in desert steppe. These findings would provide a theoretical basis and technical support for seed production and ecological restoration in this region.

Key words: Lespedeza potaninii, water-fertilizer gradient, planting density, coupling effect, seed production performance