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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 2379-2387.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202209.013

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亏缺灌溉对干旱区两种乡土植物种子生产性能及其水分利用效率的影响

高福洁1,2, 崔鸿娇1,2, 韩丙芳3*, 贺彦玲4, 彭文栋5, 刘定鑫5, 伏兵哲1,2, 马红彬1,2   

  1. 1宁夏大学宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心, 银川 750021;
    2宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021;
    3宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心, 银川 750021;
    4宁夏盐池县气象局, 宁夏吴忠 751500;
    5宁夏盐池县科技局农牧科学研究所, 宁夏吴忠 751500
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-10 接受日期:2022-07-05 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2023-03-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: hanbf@nxu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:高福洁, 女, 1997年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事农业工程、草地生态资源管理利用研究。E-mail: 31753829997@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏重点研发计划对外科技合作项目(2018BFH03009)、宁夏科技创新领军人才培养项目(KJT2018003)、宁夏重点研发计划项目(2020BBF02003)和宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017A03)资助。

Effects of deficit irrigation on seed production performance and water use efficiency of two native plant species in arid areas

GAO Fu-jie1,2, CUI Hong-jiao1,2, HAN Bing-fang3*, HE Yan-ling4, PENG Wen-dong5, LIU Ding-xin5, FU Bing-zhe1,2, MA Hong-bin1,2   

  1. 1Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    2College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    3Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions, College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    4Weather Bureau of Yanchi County, Wuzhong 751500, Ningxia, China;
    5Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Science and Technology Bureau of Yanchi County, Wuzhong 751500, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2021-11-10 Accepted:2022-07-05 Online:2022-09-15 Published:2023-03-15

摘要: 科学灌溉对植物种子生产具有重要意义。本研究以荒漠草原优良乡土植物沙芦草和牛枝子为对象,以充分灌溉为对照,探究不同生育时期亏缺灌溉对两种牧草种子生产和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明: 与对照相比,亏缺灌溉下两种植物土壤含水率下降,其中沙芦草土壤含水率下降主要发生在0~60 cm土层,牛枝子土壤水分下降未出现明显的分层现象。亏缺灌溉下沙芦草种子产量各构成因子差异均显著,开花期亏缺灌溉种子产量最高;牛枝子仅生殖枝数、小花数和荚果数差异显著,种子产量各处理差异不显著。相关分析显示,沙芦草种子产量与生殖枝数(r=0.776)、小穗数(r=0.717)呈显著正相关;牛枝子花序数与生殖枝数呈极显著负相关(r=-0.685),与小花数呈显著正相关(r=0.412)。与充分灌溉相比,亏缺灌溉下两种乡土植物种子生产耗水量减少,水分利用效率提高,其中,沙芦草开花期亏缺灌溉水分利用效率提高最多(32.9%);牛枝子分枝期亏缺灌溉提高最多(27.4%)。因此,适当亏缺灌溉可以提高两种植物水分利用效率。从水分利用效率和种子产量来看,干旱区沙芦草和牛枝子种子人工繁育时可采取亏缺灌溉,适宜亏缺的生育期分别为开花期和分枝期。

关键词: 亏缺灌溉, 乡土植物, 种子生产性能, 耗水量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: Scientific irrigation is of great significance to plant seed production. With two excellent native plant species in desert steppe, Agropyron mongolicum and Lespedeza potaninii, as the objects, and full irrigation as the control, we explored the effects of deficit irrigation in different growth stages on the seed production and water use efficiency (WUE) of those two species. The results showed that, compared with the control, soil water content of both species decreased under deficit irrigation. The decrease of soil water content of A. mongolicum mainly occurred in the 0-60 cm soil layer, while there was no obvious stratification for the reduction of soil water content of L. potaninii. There were significant differences in the yield components of A. mongolica under deficit irrigation. The seed yield of deficit irrigation at the flowering stage was the highest. There were significant differences in the numbers of fertile tillers, florets and pods of L. potaninii among treatments, but no significant difference in seed yield. There were positive correlations between seed yield of A. mongolicum and the numbers of fertile tillers (r=0.776) and spikelets (r=0.717). The racemes of L. potaninii was significantly negatively correlated with the number of fertile tillers (r=-0.685), and positively correlated with the number of florets (r=0.412). Compared with full irrigation, water consumption of seed production of the two native plant species was reduced under deficit irrigation, but water use efficiency was improved, with the strongest improvement at the flowering stage of A. mongolicum (32.9%) and at the branching stage of L. potaninii (27.4%). Therefore, proper deficit irrigation could improve water use efficiency of both plant species. From the perspective of water use efficiency and seed yield, deficit irrigation could be used for artificial breeding of A. mongolicum and L. potaninii seeds in arid area, with the suitable growth stage for deficit being the flowering and the branching stages, respectively.

Key words: deficit irrigation, native plant, seed production performance, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency