湘江西源鱼类物种多样性及其分布特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.033

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 2041-2050.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.033

湘江西源鱼类物种多样性及其分布特征

杨雪雯^1,2, 刘志玲^1,3, 黄亮亮^1,4*, 王才广^1,2, 黄墨涵¹, 施军⁵, 林峰⁵, 陈杰^1,2

¹桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 广西桂林 541004;
²桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006;
³桂林理工大学流域保护与绿色发展广西高校工程研究中心, 广西桂林 541006;
⁴桂林理工大学广西高校碳排放与污染物协同控制重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006;
⁵广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室, 南宁 530000

收稿日期:2025-12-25 修回日期:2026-04-29 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-12-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: llhuang@glut.edu.cn
作者简介:杨雪雯, 女, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事水域生态学研究。E-mail: yangxuewen2000@163.com
基金资助:
广西科技项目(桂科AB25069074,桂科AB25069502)和2024年广西湘江西源水生生物完整性监测项目(GXJD-24133S3021574)

Species diversity and distribution patterns of fish in the western headwaters of Xiangjiang River

YANG Xuewen^1,2, LIU Zhiling^1,3, HUANG Liangliang^1,4*, WANG Caiguang^1,2, HUANG Mohan¹, SHI Jun⁵, LIN Feng⁵, CHEN Jie^1,2

¹College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China;
²Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;
³University Engineering Research Center of Watershed Protection and Green Development, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;
⁴Key Laboratory of Carbon Emission and Pollutant Collaborative Control, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China;
⁵Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530000, China

Received:2025-12-25 Revised:2026-04-29 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-12-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为系统评估湘江西源鱼类群落结构特征,于2024年丰水期、平水期和枯水期在该流域设置9个采样点(划分为湘江和灌江2个江段)开展鱼类资源调查,采用相对重要性指数、物种多样性指数及多元统计方法分析鱼类物种多样性及其分布特征。湘江西源共调查到鱼类70种,隶属于6目17科51属,以鲤形目鲤科物种为主;生态类型上,定居性、底层及杂食性鱼类占优势;宽鳍鱲、带半刺光唇鱼和中华沙塘鳢为全年优势种。物种多样性分析表明,Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均值分别为2.48、2.18和0.72,仅枯水期的Margalef丰富度指数显著高于丰水期,其余水文期和江段间差异不显著。基于9个采样点的β多样性(Cody指数和Routledge指数)分析发现,S1样点与其余8个样点之间的生境差异和物种分化程度较高,而其余样点间的差异较小。非度量多维排序分析结合置换多元方差分析(Permanova)检验发现,鱼类群落结构在不同江段间存在显著差异,而在不同水文期间差异不显著;相似性百分比分析结果表明,鱼类群落相似性总体处于中等水平(0.29～0.64),且同一江段内的群落相似性明显高于不同江段间,表明空间异质性是驱动群落结构变化的主要因素。丰度/生物量曲线(ABC曲线)分析显示,湘江西源多数江段鱼类群落结构处于受扰动状态。本研究丰富了湘江西源鱼类资源基础数据,为区域鱼类资源保护与渔业管理提供了参考依据。

关键词: 鱼类物种多样性, 优势种, 群落结构, 湘江西源

Abstract: To systematically evaluate the structural characteristics of fish communities in the western headwaters of the Xiangjiang River, we conducted fish surveys at nine sampling sites (divided into two river sections: the Xiangjiang River and the Guanjing River) during the flood season, normal season, and dry season in 2024. We quantified fish diversity and distribution patterns using the index of relative importance, species diversity indices, and multivariate statistical methods. A total of 70 fish species were recorded, belonging to 6 orders, 17 families, and 51 genera, with Cypriniformes, particularly Cyprinidae, dominating the community. In terms of ecological types, resident, demersal, and omnivorous fishes were predominant. Zacco platypus, Acrossocheilus hemispinus, and Odontobutis sinensis were identified as dominant species throughout the year. The mean values of the Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Pielou evenness index were 2.48, 2.18, and 0.72, respectively. Among these, only the Margalef richness index in the dry season was significantly higher than that in the flood season, and there were no significant differences among other hydrological periods or between river sections. We estimated β diversity based on the nine sampling sites, using the Cody and Routledge indices. We found that site S1 exhibited higher habitat heterogeneity and species turnover compared to the other sites, whereas differences among the remaining sites were relatively small. Non-metric multidimensional scaling combined with permutational multivariate analysis of variance (Permanova) indicated that fish community structure differed significantly between two river sections, but not among hydrological periods. Similarity percentage analysis showed that overall community similarity was at a moderate level (0.29-0.64), with higher similarity within the same river section than between different sections, suggesting that spatial heterogeneity was the primary driver of community variation. Abundance-biomass comparison (ABC) curves indicated that fish communities in the study area were subject to disturbance. This study provides baseline data on fish resources in the western headwaters of the Xiangjiang River and offers a scientific reference for regional fish conservation and fisheries management.

Key words: fish species diversity, dominant species, community structure, the western headwaters of Xiangjiang River

杨雪雯, 刘志玲, 黄亮亮, 王才广, 黄墨涵, 施军, 林峰, 陈杰. 湘江西源鱼类物种多样性及其分布特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(6): 2041-2050.

YANG Xuewen, LIU Zhiling, HUANG Liangliang, WANG Caiguang, HUANG Mohan, SHI Jun, LIN Feng, CHEN Jie. Species diversity and distribution patterns of fish in the western headwaters of Xiangjiang River[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(6): 2041-2050.

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湘江西源鱼类物种多样性及其分布特征

Species diversity and distribution patterns of fish in the western headwaters of Xiangjiang River

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