北黄海庄河海上风电桩附着生物的垂直分布

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海上风电建设引入的风电桩硬基质为附着生物的定殖提供了新的栖息地,探究海上风电桩附着生物的群落结构特征对于评价海上风电场建设的生态效应具有重要意义。本研究基于2023年7月对北黄海庄河海上风电场4个风电桩站位进行的水下0、5、10、15、20 m水深梯度下附着生物采样数据,采用多变量统计法分析风电桩附着生物群落结构的垂直分布特征。风电桩共采集鉴定附着生物49种,其中,节肢动物种类数最多,为17种。风电桩表面附着生物优势种主要为东方缝栖蛤、紫贻贝和长牡蛎,附着生物生物量(980.3～3118.8 g·m^-2)、丰度(1970.7～4706.7 ind·m^-2)以及Margalef指数、Pielou指数和Shannon指数在不同水深间存在差异。聚类分析表明,风电桩附着生物群落可分为表层0 m和水下两个聚类组,表层附着生物群落以营固着生活的藤壶和紫贻贝为主,水下则以多毛类、小型双壳类和甲壳类等移动性底栖动物为主。ABC曲线、海洋生物指数(AMBI)和多变量海洋生物指数(M-AMBI)分析结果显示,风电桩建设2～3年后,表层附着生物群落稳定性较低,而水下附着生物群落稳定性较高。研究结果可为海上风电场的生态效应评价以及附着生物的污损防控提供参考。

关键词: 海上风电场, 北黄海, 附着生物, 群落结构分析, 生物多样性

Abstract: The hard substrate introduced by offshore wind turbine foundations creates new habitats for sessile organisms. Understanding sessile community structure on wind piles is essential for evaluating the ecological impact of offshore wind farm construction. We analyzed the vertical distribution of sessile communities on wind piles using multivariate statistical methods based on sampling conducted in July 2023 at depths of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m across four wind pile stations at the Zhuanghe Offshore Wind Farm in the North Yellow Sea. A total of 49 sessile species were recorded, with arthropods (17 species) as the most abundant. The dominant species on wind pile surfaces were Hiatella orientalis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and Crassostrea gigas. The biomass (980.3-3118.8 g·m^-2) and abundance (1970.7-4706.7 ind·m^-2) of sessile organisms, as well as the Margalef index, Pielou index and Shannon index showed depth gradients. Cluster analysis revealed that the surface layer dominated by barnacles and M. galloprovincialis, and the deeper layers characterized by mobile benthic species such as polychaetes, small bivalves, and crustaceans. The results of ABC curve, AMBI, and M-AMBI analyses showed that after 2-3 years of wind pile construction, the surface sessile organism was less stable, while the submerged sessile organism was relatively stable. The results could provide references for the ecological evaluation of offshore wind farms and the prevention and control of fouling caused by sessile organisms.

Key words: offshore wind farm, North Yellow Sea, sessile organism, community structure analysis, biodiversity

徐龙飞, 张琰超, 孙国庆, 王志林, 司立伟, 李青霞, 高东奎, 田涛, 吴忠鑫. 北黄海庄河海上风电桩附着生物的垂直分布[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2615-2624.

XU Longfei, ZHANG Yanchao, SUN Guoqing, WANG Zhilin, SI Liwei, LI Qingxia, GAO Dongkui, TIAN Tao, WU Zhongxin. Vertical distribution structure of sessile organisms on the monopiles of Zhuanghe offshore wind farm, North Yellow Sea, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(9): 2615-2624.

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