Abstract: Fire whirl is a special fire behaviour that occurs in forest fire, and closely linked with crown fire and spot fire. Its generation mechanisms lie in the generation and development of rotating vortex. Establishing fire whirl simulation devices is one of the common research methods. In laboratory simulation tests, infrared thermography and thermocouple are adopted to measure flame temperature, while high-speed photography, three-dimensional laser Doppler, and Pitot tubes are used to measure fire whirl rotating speed. On the basis of experimental data, three-dimensional fire whirl models can be constructed.

Key words: forest fire, fire whirl, generation mechanism, characteristics, model, tolerance., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cucumber, inhibitor, low temperature stress