Abstract: Through ecolomical comparison, this paper approaches the signficance of exploiting grassland resources on south China and its optimum way. Based on the former studies and series of calculation, it's suggested that in north China, the utilization of grassland resources should be under the prerequisite of environmental protection, and in south China, the utilization could be performed simultaneously with the latter. It's proved that theoretically, grassland in south China has the same gross primary prodictivity as in north China, but its ecological plasticity is more superior. Owing to the apparent economic benefit of forestry is limited by various factors and the forestry cannot play a major role in promoting economy of mountainous region, the optimum way of exploiting grassland resources in south China should be the combination of forestry and animal husbandry.

Key words: Grassland in south China, Grassland productivity, Explotation of grassland resources, nitrous oxide, methane, global warming potential, organic-inorganic fertilization, alfalfa