有机肥替代部分化肥对水稻光合速率、氮素利用率和产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.021

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 154-162.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.021

有机肥替代部分化肥对水稻光合速率、氮素利用率和产量的影响

石鑫蕊¹, 任彬彬², 江琳琳¹, 范淑秀³, 曹英丽⁴, 马殿荣^1*

¹沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室, 沈阳 110161;
²沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 沈阳 110161;
³沈阳农业大学农学院, 沈阳 110161;
⁴沈阳农业大学信息与电气工程学院, 沈阳 110161

收稿日期:2020-06-20 接受日期:2020-11-04 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-07-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: madianrong@syau.edu.cn
作者简介:石鑫蕊, 女, 1996年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事水稻超高产理论与技术研究。E-mail: 2018220202@stu.syau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300706)和辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1808003)

Effects of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice

SHI Xin-rui¹, REN Bin-bin², JIANG Lin-lin¹, FAN Shu-xiu³, CAO Ying-li⁴, MA Dian-rong^1*

¹Rice Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Northern Super Japonica Rice Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China;
²College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China;
³College of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China;
⁴College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China

Received:2020-06-20 Accepted:2020-11-04 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-07-15
Contact: * E-mail: madianrong@syau.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0300706) and the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1808003).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 农业生产中合理施用有机肥对实现化肥零增长、提高土壤肥力和保证粮食稳产高产至关重要。本试验在辽宁省沈阳市稻田以‘沈农9816’为供试材料,设置7种不同处理,分别为不施氮肥(CK)、低氮150 kg·hm^-2(LN)、中氮240 kg·hm^-2(MN)、高氮330 kg·hm^-2(HN)、中氮有机肥替代10%(OMN₁₀)、中氮有机肥替代20%(OMN₂₀)、中氮有机肥替代30%(OMN₃₀),研究施肥对水稻光合速率、氮素吸收、氮素利用率和产量等的影响,以探寻最佳有机肥配施方案。结果表明: 提高施氮肥水平能够提高水稻光合速率、生物量和产量,但显著降低了氮肥利用效率。与中氮处理相比,灌浆期OMN₁₀和OMN₂₀处理光合速率显著提高22.9%和9.9%;OMN₂₀处理水稻增产3.8%,差异显著,氮肥农学利用率提高8.1%,氮肥生理利用率提高13.3%。与高氮处理相比,OMN₂₀处理氮肥农学利用率和生理利用率分别提高27.2%和37.2%。有机肥替代处理可以在减少化学氮肥施用的同时,维持土壤肥力,实现高产高效,尤其是有机肥替代20%处理最优,为推荐施肥方式。

关键词: 有机肥替代, 光合作用, 氮肥利用率, 产量

Abstract: Rational application of organic fertilizers is an effective approach to improve soil fertility, crop yield, and zero growth of chemical fertilizer in agricultural production. The rice variety ‘Shennong9816’ was planted in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, under seven different treatments: zero nitrogen fertilizer (CK), low nitrogen, 150 kg·hm^-2(LN), medium nitrogen, 240 kg·hm^-2 (MN), high nitrogen, 330 kg·hm^-2(HN), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 10% organic manure (OMN₁₀), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 20% organic manure (OMN₂₀), and medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 30% organic manure (OMN₃₀). The effects of different treatments on photosynthetic rate, nitrogen absorption, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield were examined and the optimal fertilization scheme was determined. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, biomass and yield were increased with the increases of nitrogen application rate, while the nitrogen use efficiency was decreased significantly. Compared with the MN treatment, the photosynthetic rate of OMN₁₀ and OMN₂₀ in filling stage was increased by 22.9% and 9.9%, respectively. The yield of OMN₂₀ was increased by 3.8% compared to that of MN. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of OMN₂₀ were significantly improved by 8.1% and 13.3%, respectively. Moreover, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of OMN₂₀ were improved by 27.2% and 37.2% compared with the HN treatment. Thus, we concluded that the organic fertilizer replacement treatment could conserve soil fertility, achieve high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency, while reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer application. The OMN₂₀ treatment was recommended as a fertilizer application model due to its superior performance among the seven treatments.

Key words: organic fertilizer replacement, photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency, yield

石鑫蕊, 任彬彬, 江琳琳, 范淑秀, 曹英丽, 马殿荣. 有机肥替代部分化肥对水稻光合速率、氮素利用率和产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(1): 154-162.

SHI Xin-rui, REN Bin-bin, JIANG Lin-lin, FAN Shu-xiu, CAO Ying-li, MA Dian-rong. Effects of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(1): 154-162.

参考文献

[1] 中华人民共和国统计局. 中国统计年鉴. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2020 [National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2020]
[2] Hobbie EA, Colpaert V. Nitrogen availability and mycorrhizal colonization influence water use efficiency and carbon isotope patterns in Pinus sylvestris. New Phytologist, 2004, 164: 515-525
[3] Bouwman AF, Boumans LJM. Emissions of NO₂ and NO from fertilized fields: Summary of available measurement data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2002, 16: 1058
[4] Guo JH, Liu XJ, Zhang Y, et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science, 2010, 327: 1008-1010
[5] Li JT, Zhang B. Paddy soil stability and mechanical properties as affected by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and animal manure in subtropical China. Pedosphere, 2007, 17: 568-579
[6] 许仁良, 王建峰, 张国良, 等. 秸秆、有机肥及氮肥配合使用对水稻土微生物和有机质含量的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(13): 3584-3590 [Xu R-L, Wang J-F, Zhang G-L, et al. Changes of microbe and organic matter content in paddy soil applied with straw, manure and nitrogen fertilizer. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(13): 3584-3590]
[7] 侯红乾, 刘秀梅, 刘光荣, 等. 有机无机肥配施比例对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(3): 516-523 [Hou H-Q, Liu X-M, Liu G-R, et al. Effect of long-term located organic-inorganic fertilizer application on rice yield and soil fertility in red soil area of China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(3): 516-523]
[8] 谢军, 赵亚南, 陈轩敬, 等. 有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(20): 3934-3943 [Xie J, Zhao Y-N, Chen X-J, et al. Nitrogen of organic manure replacing chemical nitrogenous fertilizer improve maize yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(20): 3934-3943]
[9] 陈香碧, 胡亚军, 秦红灵, 等. 稻作系统有机肥替代部分化肥的土壤氮循环特征及增产机制. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(3): 1033-1042 [Chen X-B, Hu Y-J, Qin H-L, et al. Characteristics of soil nitrogen cycle and mechanisms underlying the increase in rice yield with partial substitution of mineral fertilizers with organic manure in a paddy ecosystem: A review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(3): 1033-1042]
[10] 申长卫, 袁敬平, 李新华, 等. 有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮提高豫北冬小麦氮肥利用率和土壤肥力. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(8): 1395-1406 [Shen C-W, Yuan J-P, Li X-H, et al. Improving winter wheat N utilization efficiency and soil fertility through replacement of chemical N by 20% organic manure. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(8): 1395-1406]
[11] 李燕青, 温延臣, 林治安, 等. 不同有机肥与化肥配施对氮素利用率和土壤肥力的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10): 1669-1678 [Li Y-Q, Wen Y-C, Lin Z-A, et al. Effect of different organic manures combined with chemical fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(10): 1669-1678]
[12] 彭少兵, 黄见良, 钟旭华, 等. 提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(9): 1095-1103 [Peng S-B, Huang J-L, Zhong X-H, et al. Research strategy in improving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 35(9): 1095-1103]
[13] 王强, 温晓刚, 卢从明, 等. 超高产杂交稻‘华安3号’冠层不同衰老程度叶片的光合功能. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(1): 39-46 [Wang Q, Wen X-G, Lu C-M, et al. Photosynthetic functions of different senescence levels in the canopy of super high-yield rice ‘Hua-an 3’. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2004, 28(1): 39-46]
[14] 翟虎渠, 曹树青, 万建民, 等. 超高产杂交稻灌浆期光合功能与产量的关系. 中国科学(C辑), 2002, 32(3): 211-217 [Zhai H-Q, Cao S-Q, Wan J-M, et al. Relationship between photosynthetic function and yield of super high-yielding hybrid rice at filling stage. Science of China (Series C), 2002, 32(3): 211-217]
[15] 徐国伟, 陆大克, 王贺正, 等. 干湿交替灌溉与施氮量对水稻叶片光合性状的耦合效应. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1225-1237 [Xu G-W, Lu D-K, Wang H-Z, et al. Coupling effect of wetting and drying alternative irrigation and nitrogen application rate on photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(5): 1225-1237]
[16] 张均华, 刘建立, 张佳宝, 等. 施氮量对稻麦干物质转运与氮肥利用的影响. 作物学报, 2010, 36(10): 1736-1742 [Zhang J-H, Liu J-L, Zhang J-B, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rates on translocation of dry matter and utilization of nitrogen in rice and wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2010, 36(10): 1736-1742]
[17] 余海兵, 刘正, 苏佩佩. 人工腐熟的粪肥配施对糯玉米光合特性及产量构成的影响. 中国农学通报, 2008, 24(4): 269-272 [Yu H-B, Liu Z, Su P-P. Effects of applying artificial maturity of manure on the photosynthetic and yield of waxy maize. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008, 24(4): 269-272]
[18] 杨玉玲, 刘文兆, 王俊, 等. 配施钾肥、有机肥对旱地春玉米光合生理特性和产量的影响. 西北农业学报, 2009, 18(3): 116-121 [Yang Y-L, Liu W-Z, Wang J, et al. Effects of potassium and organic fertilizer on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of spring maize in dry lands. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2009, 18(3): 116-121]
[19] Peng SB, Buresh RJ, Huang JL, et al. Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China. Field Crops Research, 2006, 96: 37-47
[20] Sui B, Feng X, Tian G, et al. Optimizing nitrogen supply increases rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency by regulating yield formation factors. Field Crops Research, 2013, 150: 99-107
[21] Chen XP, Cui ZL, Fan MS, et al. Producing more grain with lower environmental costs. Nature, 2014, 514: 486-489
[22] 吴家梅, 纪雄辉, 彭华, 等. 不同有机肥对稻田温室气体排放及产量的影响. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(4): 162-169 [Wu J-M, Ji X-H, Peng H, et al. Effects of different organic fertilizers on greenhouse gas emissions and yield in paddy soils. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(4): 162-169]
[23] 王显, 肖跃成, 姚义, 等. 不同生物有机肥对水稻产量及其构成因子的影响. 中国稻米, 2010, 16(3): 50-52 [Wang X, Xiao Y-C, Yao Y, et al. Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers on rice yield and its constituent factors. China Rice, 2010, 16(3): 50-52]
[24] 张洪程, 马群, 杨雄, 等. 水稻品种氮肥群体最高生产力及其增长规律. 作物学报, 2012, 38(1): 86-98 [Zhang H-C, Ma Q, Yang X, et al. The highest population productivity of nitrogen fertilization and its variation rules in rice cultivars. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2012, 38(1): 86-98]
[25] 吴桂成, 张洪程, 钱银飞, 等. 粳型超级稻产量构成因素协同规律及超高产特征的研究. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(2): 266-276 [Wu G-C, Zhang H-C, Qian Y-F, et al. Rule of grain yield components from high yield to super high yield and the characters of super-high yielding Japonica super rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(2): 266-276]
[26] 张晶, 张定一, 王丽, 等. 不同有机肥和氮磷组合对旱地小麦的增产机理研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1): 238-243 [Zhang J, Zhang D-Y, Wang L, et al. The mechanism of different combinations of organic and N, P fertilizers increasing yield of dryland wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(1): 238-243]
[27] Liang B, Yang X, Murphy DV, et al. Fate of ¹⁵N-labeled fertilizer in soils under dryland agriculture after 19 years of different fertilizations. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2013, 49: 977-986
[28] 刘益仁, 郁洁, 李想, 等. 有机无机肥配施对麦–稻轮作系统土壤微生物学特性的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(5): 989-994 [Liu Y-R, Yu J, Li X, et al. Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microbiological characteristics in a wheat-rice rotation system. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2012, 31(5): 989-994]
[29] 宋震震, 李絮花, 李娟, 等. 有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(3): 525-533 [Song Z-Z, Li X-H, Li J, et al. Long-term effects of mineral versus organic fertilizers on soil labile nitrogen fractions and soil enzyme activities in agricultural soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2014, 20(3): 525-533]
[30] Yang X, Ren W, Sun B, et al. Effects of contrasting soil management regimes on total and labile soil organic carbon fractions in a loess soil in China. Geoderma, 2012, 177: 49-56
[31] 周江明. 有机-无机肥配施对水稻产量, 品质及氮素吸收的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(1): 234-240 [Zhou J-M. Effect of combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on yield, quality and nitrogen uptake of rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(1): 234-240]
[32] Subedi KD, Ma BL. Effects of N-deficiency and timing of N supply on the recovery and distribution of labeled ¹⁵N in contrasting maize hybrids. Plant and Soil, 2005, 273: 189-202
[33] 孙永健, 孙园园, 蒋明金, 等. 施肥水平对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(24): 4745-4756 [Sun Y-J, Sun Y-Y, Jiang M-J, et al. Effects of fertilizer levels on nitrogen utilization characteristics and yield in rice cultivars with diffe-rent nitrogen use efficiencies. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(24): 4745-4756]
[34] 侯红乾, 冀建华, 刘秀梅, 等. 不同比例有机肥替代化肥对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响. 土壤, 2020, 52(4): 758-765 [Hou H-Q, Ji J-H, Liu X-M, et al. Effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on rice yield, nitrogen uptake and utilization in red soil area of China. Soils, 2020, 52(4): 758-765]
[35] 崔新卫, 张杨珠, 高菊生, 等. 长期不同施肥处理对红壤稻田土壤性质及晚稻产量与品质的影响. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(6): 190-197 [Cui X-W, Zhang Y-Z, Gao J-S, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization treatments on soil properties, rice yield and quality in reddish paddy soil. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2019, 34(6): 190-197]

有机肥替代部分化肥对水稻光合速率、氮素利用率和产量的影响

Effects of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	李长青, 纪萌, 马萌萌, 王硕, 刘欢, 孙志梅. 天然增效剂与化学抑制剂复配对小麦/玉米轮作体系产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(9): 2391-2397.
[2]	郭丽娜, 卢霖, 董学瑞, 张凤路, 闫鹏, 董志强. 赤霉素、激动素和吲哚丁酸合剂对滨海盐碱区粒用高粱耐盐性和产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(9): 2405-2412.
[3]	朱振闯, 孙仕军, 朱淼淼, 李咚祎, 王哲, 谌入瑄, 陈伟. 地下水埋深对东北平原地下水补给及大豆生长动态的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(7): 1871-1882.
[4]	王复标, 杨小龙, 康华靖, 叶子飘. 不同环境条件下光合作用对光响应模型的研究进展 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(7): 1995-2005.
[5]	杨毅轩, 陈应枝, 唐芃, 林文, 孙敏, 高志强. 播种方式对黄淮海麦区西部冬小麦氮素利用与产量形成的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(6): 1572-1582.
[6]	张慧玉, 岳丹斐, 潘晓娇, 郝露露, 刘伟成, 郑春芳. 5-羟色胺在红树植物秋茄幼苗抗寒中的作用 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(5): 1263-1271.
[7]	张晓伟, 杨显贺, 车豪杰, 秦竞, 毕焕改, 艾希珍. 腐熟玉米秸秆对设施土壤环境及黄瓜产量和品质的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(5): 1290-1296.
[8]	孟晴晴, 吴凤灵, 宋健丽, 魏珉, 孟伦, 李静, 杨凤娟. 滴灌频次对温室长季节栽培番茄产量和养分利用效率的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(5): 1297-1304.
[9]	陆欣春, 范欣欣, 邹文秀, 严君, 陈旭, 韩晓增, 邓维娜. 肥沃耕层构建对白浆土土壤肥力和玉米产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 883-891.
[10]	娄运生, 于玉洁, 刘燕, 杨蕙琳, 周东雪. 施硅对夜间增温下南方水稻生长、产量和品质的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 985-992.
[11]	宁川川, 陈悦桂, 柳瑞, 李彤欣, 陈海浪, 田纪辉, 蔡昆争. 减氮配施秸秆生物炭对双季稻产量和硅、氮营养的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 993-1001.
[12]	李凤瑞, 赵文超, 张东楼, 董灵艳, 王汝明, 齐洪鑫, 张超, 张贵军, 杨秀凤, 史加亮. 黄河流域适宜机采的短季棉密度和行距配置 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 1002-1008.
[13]	张鹏飞, 刘朋召, 王成龙, 邓明珠, 林延荣, 任小龙, 陈小莉. 大气NH₃浓度升高对不同施氮水平下小麦叶片光合特征和籽粒产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 1009-1014.
[14]	张鸿志, 张文娥, 樊卫国, 欧阳章维, 蔡虎, 郝振坤, 王瑞璞, 潘学军. 核桃/刺梨复合种植对刺梨生长、果实产量、品质和土壤性质的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(3): 699-707.
[15]	惠凯善, 吴召汉, 张永丽. 节水补灌下施磷量对小麦不同茎蘖光合和衰老特性及产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(2): 451-462.