减氮配施秸秆生物炭对双季稻产量和硅、氮营养的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.009

应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 993-1001.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.009

减氮配施秸秆生物炭对双季稻产量和硅、氮营养的影响

宁川川^1,2,3, 陈悦桂^1,2,3, 柳瑞^1,2,3, 李彤欣^1,2,3, 陈海浪^1,2,3, 田纪辉^1,2,3, 蔡昆争^1,2,3*

¹华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642;
²华南农业大学农业农村部华南热带农业环境重点实验室, 广州 510642;
³华南农业大学广东省生态循环农业重点实验室, 广州 510642

收稿日期:2022-09-13 接受日期:2023-02-16 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-10-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: kzcai@scau.edu.cn
作者简介:宁川川, 男, 1988年生, 博士。主要从事农田生态学研究。E-mail: 845949978@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31870420)

Effects of N fertilizer reduction combined with straw biochar application on the yield, Si, and N nutrition of double-cropping rice

NING Chuanchuan^1,2,3, CHEN Yuegui^1,2,3, LIU Rui^1,2,3, LI Tongxin^1,2,3, CHEN Hailang^1,2,3, TIAN Jihui^1,2,3, CAI Kunzheng^1,2,3*

¹College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
²Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
³Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

Received:2022-09-13 Accepted:2023-02-16 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-10-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氮和硅都是水稻重要的营养元素,但实际生产中经常过量施加氮肥而忽视硅肥的补充。秸秆生物炭含有丰富的硅,可作为一种潜在的硅肥。本研究通过连续3年的田间定位试验,探究氮肥减量配施秸秆生物炭对水稻产量和硅、氮营养的影响。试验包括5个处理:常规施氮(180 kg·hm^-2, N₁₀₀)、减氮20%(N₈₀)、减氮20%配施15 t·hm^-2生物炭(N₈₀+BC)、减氮40%(N₆₀)、减氮40%配施15 t·hm^-2生物炭(N₆₀+BC)。结果表明: 与N₁₀₀相比,减氮20%对水稻的硅、氮累积没有影响;减氮40%导致水稻叶片氮吸收量下降,却显著增加其硅含量(增幅14.0%～18.8%);而减氮配施生物炭大幅增加了水稻叶片硅累积,硅含量增幅达38.0%～63.3%,硅吸收量增幅达32.3%～49.9%,但进一步减少了水稻叶片氮含量。Pearson相关分析表明,成熟期水稻叶片硅含量与氮含量呈显著负相关,而硅吸收量与氮吸收量之间无相关关系。与N₁₀₀相比,减氮或减氮配施生物炭对土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的影响不大,却在一定程度上提高了土壤pH,减氮配施生物炭显著增加了土壤有机质和有效硅含量,增幅分别达28.8%～41.9%和21.1%～26.9%,且两者呈极显著正相关。此外,与N₁₀₀相比,减氮40%会降低水稻产量和籽粒结实率,而减氮20%和减氮配施生物炭不会影响水稻产量及产量性状。综上,适量减氮并配施秸秆生物炭在减少氮肥投入的同时,可提升土壤肥力和硅素供应,在双季稻生产中有一定的应用前景。

关键词: 氮肥减量, 秸秆生物炭, 水稻产量, 硅, 氮

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) are important nutritional elements for rice. However, excessive N fertili-zer application and the ignorance of Si fertilizer are common in practice. Straw biochar is rich in Si, which can be used as a potential Si fertilizer. In this study, we conducted a consecutive 3-year field experiment to explore the effects of N fertilizer reduction combined with straw biochar application on rice yield, Si and N nutrition. There were five treatments: conventional N application (180 kg·hm^-2, N₁₀₀), 20% N reduction (N₈₀), 20% N reduction with 15 t·hm^-2 biochar (N₈₀+BC), 40% N reduction (N₆₀), and 40% N reduction with 15 t·hm^-2 biochar (N₆₀+BC). The results showed that compared with N₁₀₀, 20% N reduction did not affect the accumulation of Si and N in rice; 40% N reduction reduced foliar N absorption, but significantly increased foliar Si concentration by 14.0%-18.8%; while combined application of biochar significantly increased foliar Si accumulation, with an increase of Si concentration by 38.0%-63.3% and Si absorption by 32.3%-49.9%, but further reduced foliar N concentration. There was a significant negative correlation between Si and N concentration in mature rice leaves, but no correlation between Si and N absorption. Compared with N₁₀₀, N reduction or combined application of biochar did not affect soil ammonium N and nitrate N, but increased soil pH. Nitrogen reduction combined application of biochar significantly increased soil organic matter by 28.8%-41.9% and available Si content by 21.1%-26.9%, with a significant positive correlation between them. Compared with N₁₀₀, 40% N reduction reduced rice yield and grain setting rate, while 20% N reduction and combined application of biochar did not influence rice yield and yield components. In summary, appropriate N reduction and combined with straw biochar can not only reduce N fertilizer input, but also improve soil fertility and Si supply, which is a promising fertilization method in double-cropping rice fields.

Key words: nitrogen reduction, straw biochar, rice yield, silicon, nitrogen

宁川川, 陈悦桂, 柳瑞, 李彤欣, 陈海浪, 田纪辉, 蔡昆争. 减氮配施秸秆生物炭对双季稻产量和硅、氮营养的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 993-1001.

NING Chuanchuan, CHEN Yuegui, LIU Rui, LI Tongxin, CHEN Hailang, TIAN Jihui, CAI Kunzheng. Effects of N fertilizer reduction combined with straw biochar application on the yield, Si, and N nutrition of double-cropping rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(4): 993-1001.

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减氮配施秸秆生物炭对双季稻产量和硅、氮营养的影响

Effects of N fertilizer reduction combined with straw biochar application on the yield, Si, and N nutrition of double-cropping rice

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