生物质调理剂对川西北高寒草地沙化土壤养分和微生物群落特征的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.036

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 2217-2226.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.036

生物质调理剂对川西北高寒草地沙化土壤养分和微生物群落特征的影响

宋佳珅¹, 张晓丽¹, 孔凡磊², 刘晓林², 安文静³, 李玉义^1*

¹中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081;
²四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 成都 611130;
³北京京西林场, 北京 102300

收稿日期:2020-09-18 接受日期:2021-03-04 发布日期:2021-12-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: liyuyi@caas.cn
作者简介:宋佳珅, 女, 1997年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事土壤耕作与土壤改良的研究. E-mail: sjs1119870671@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAC05B05)资助

Effects of biomass conditioner on soil nutrient and microbial community characteristics of alpine desertified grassland in northwest Sichuan, China

SONG Jia-shen¹, ZHANG Xiao-li¹, KONG Fan-lei², LIU-Xiao-lin², AN Wen-jing³, LI Yu-yi^1*

¹Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
²College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China;
³Beijing Jingxi Forestry Farm, Beijing 102300, China

Received:2020-09-18 Accepted:2021-03-04 Published:2021-12-15
Contact: * E-mail: liyuyi@caas.cn
Supported by:
National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2015BAC05B05).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 将农牧废弃物进行资源化处置制成生物质调理剂,用于沙化土壤改良是目前川西北沙化草地生态治理的有效途径之一。为了阐明不同原料调理剂在川西北高寒沙化草地上的实际应用效果,本研究以不施用调理剂为对照(CK),设置施用量均为12 t·hm^-2的菌渣(JZ)、秸秆(JG)和生物炭(SWT) 3种调理剂,分析了调理剂施用对土壤养分和微生物群落特征及其相互关系的影响。结果表明: 与对照相比,各种生物质调理剂均显著增加了土壤速效养分和活性有机碳含量,增幅在23.0%～521.6%,其中施用秸秆调理剂(JG)的效果最佳,增幅为65.1%～521.6%。因生物质调理剂只在第一年施入,第二年的土壤速效养分和活性有机碳含量均较第一年整体下降了4.5%～92.3%,而土壤有机碳含量和微生物生物量碳均较第一年整体上升了5.6%～458.0%。生物质调理剂改变了微生物属水平优势菌属的相对丰度,其中,JG处理对细菌菌群的影响较大,JG和JZ处理对真菌菌群的影响较大。与CK相比,JG处理显著降低了土壤细菌和真菌的多样性,其中,Shannon指数显著降低了2.9%和31.8%,而Simpson指数显著提高了175.0%和320.9%。冗余分析显示,土壤速效养分和活性有机碳含量是影响微生物群落组成的重要因素,其中,土壤硝态氮含量和微生物生物量碳对细菌群落组成的影响较大,共解释了65.9%的群落变化,土壤速效钾含量和微生物生物量碳对真菌群落组成的影响较大,共解释了83.2%的群落变化。综合比较,秸秆调理剂能显著增加土壤速效养分和活性有机碳含量,有利于有益细菌和真菌微生物菌属的生长,可以作为提升川西北地区高寒草地沙化土壤质量的推广措施。

关键词: 高寒草地, 沙化土壤, 生物质调理剂, 土壤养分, 土壤微生物群落

Abstract: Biomass conditioner made from agricultural and animal husbandry waste for resource disposal could be used to improve desertified soil, which is one of the effective ways of ecological management on desertified grasslands in northwest Sichuan. To clarify the effects of different raw material conditioners on alpine desertified grassland in northwest Sichuan, we analyzed the effects of three conditioners on soil nutrients and microbial community characteristics. With no conditioner as the control (CK), three different biomass conditioners were set up with an application rate of 12 t·hm^-2, including mushroom dregs (JZ), straw (JG) and biochar (SWT). The results showed that all biomass conditioners could significantly increase soil available nutrients and active organic carbon by 23.0%-521.6%. Among the three conditioners, JG had the best effect, with an improvement range for soil nutrient and organic carbon of 65.1%-521.6%. Because biomass conditioner was only applied in the first year, soil available nutrients and active organic carbon in the second year decreased by 4.5%-92.3% compared with that of the first year, while soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon content of the second year increased by 5.6%-458.0%. The biomass conditioners changed the relative abundance of the dominant bacteria in the microbial community. JG significantly affected bacterial flora, while JG and JZ affected fungal flora. Compared with CK, JG significantly reduced the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi. The Shannon index was decreased by 2.9% and 31.8%, while the Simpson index was increased by 175.0% and 320.9%, respectively. Results of the redundancy analysis showed that the contents of soil available nutrients and active organic carbon were important factors affecting microbial community composition. The contents of soil nitrate and microbial biomass carbon had greater impacts on bacterial community composition, explaining 65.9% of community variations. The contents of soil available potassium and microbial biomass carbon had a greater impact on fungal community composition, explaining 83.2% of community variation. According to the comprehensive comparison, straw conditioner could significantly increase soil available nutrients and active organic carbon, and benefit the growth of beneficial bacteria and fungi, which could be used as a promotion measure to improve soil quality of alpine desertified grassland in northwest Sichuan.

Key words: alpine grassland, desertified soil, biomass conditioner, soil nutrient, soil microbial community

宋佳珅, 张晓丽, 孔凡磊, 刘晓林, 安文静, 李玉义. 生物质调理剂对川西北高寒草地沙化土壤养分和微生物群落特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 2217-2226.

SONG Jia-shen, ZHANG Xiao-li, KONG Fan-lei, LIU-Xiao-lin, AN Wen-jing, LI Yu-yi. Effects of biomass conditioner on soil nutrient and microbial community characteristics of alpine desertified grassland in northwest Sichuan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(6): 2217-2226.

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生物质调理剂对川西北高寒草地沙化土壤养分和微生物群落特征的影响

Effects of biomass conditioner on soil nutrient and microbial community characteristics of alpine desertified grassland in northwest Sichuan, China

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