区域资源环境承载力科学概念及其生态学基础的讨论

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.020

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 577-590.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.020

区域资源环境承载力科学概念及其生态学基础的讨论

于贵瑞^1,2*, 张雪梅^2,3, 赵东升³, 邓思琪^2,3

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 中国生态系统研究网络综合研究中心, 北京 100101;
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
³中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2021-09-13 接受日期:2021-12-07 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: yugr@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:于贵瑞, 男, 1959年生, 研究员, 博士生导师。主要从事生态学与自然地理学交叉研究。E-mail: yugr@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604803)资助。

Discussion on the scientific concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity and its ecological basis.

YU Gui-rui^1,2*, ZHANG Xue-mei^2,3, ZHAO Dong-sheng³, DENG Si-qi^2,3

¹Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
³Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2021-09-13 Accepted:2021-12-07 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 资源环境承载力是生态学领域的一个重要概念,其理论和实践研究已成为衡量区域可持续发展的重要依据。但是有关生态学基础与资源环境承载力的科学联系仍未明确,其中有哪些生态学理论对资源环境承载力的发展起到了支撑作用还没被厘清,这使得资源环境承载力的科学概念十分模糊。本文在讨论资源环境、生态系统承载力科学概念及其发展的基础上,系统讨论了生物可占用的空间生态位容积,生态系统可承受环境胁迫压力的生态阈值,气候、水和营养等可持续供给的潜在资源容量(供给能力),以及缓冲和净化污染物质的环境容量等基本概念。进而从地基压强承载能力、空间容量承载力及生态阈值承载力的生物物理学角度,定义了自然资源供给承载力(NRSCC)、自然环境承载力(NECC)、生物种群发展承载力(CCBPD)、社会经济发展承载力(CCSED)和生态系统环境胁迫承载力(CCESE)的科学概念。并深入讨论了生态系统的生物种群增长及生态容量理论、生态系统多功能性及资源环境效应理论、生态系统多稳态及自适应自组织理论等3个核心生态学基础问题。期望能够通过探讨区域资源环境承载力评估的理论和方法,为区域资源环境利用、保护及社会经济可持续发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 宏观生态系统, 资源环境承载力, 生态环境保护, 生态学基础, 资源环境适宜性

Abstract: The carrying capacity of resources and environment is an essential concept in ecology, the theoretical and practical research of which has become an important basis for measuring regional sustainable development. However, the scientific connection between the ecological foundation and the carrying capacity of resources and environment is still unclear. Moreover, it remains unknown which ecological theories played a supporting role in the development of the resources and environment carrying capacity, which makes the scientific concept of carrying capacity very vague. Based on the discussion of the scientific concepts and development of the carrying capacity of resources and environmen, we systematically discussed the basic concepts, such as the niche volume that organisms can occupy, the ecological threshold of ecosystems to withstand environmental stress, the potential resource capacity (supply capacity) of sustainable supply such as climate, water and nutrition, and the environmental capacity of buffering and purifying pollutants. Furthermore, from the biophysical point perspective of foundation pressure bearing capacity, spatial capacity carrying capacity and ecological threshold carrying capacity, the scientific concepts of Natural Resources Supply Carrying Capacity (NRSCC), Nature Environment Carrying Capacity (NECC), Carrying Capacity of Biological Population Development (CCBPD), Carrying Capacity of Social and Economic Development (CCSED) and Carrying Capacity of Environmental Stress in Ecosystems (CCESE) were defined. Finally, three basic issues of ecology were discussed in detail, including the theory of population growth and the ecological capacity of the ecosystem, the theory of ecosystem multi-functionality and resource and environmental effects, and the theory of alternative stable states, self-adaptability, and self-organization. Based on exploring the theory and method of regional resource environmental assessment, this study would provide theoretical basis for regional resource environment utilization, protection and social and economic sustainable development.

Key words: macro ecosystem, resources and environment carrying capacity, ecological environment conservation, ecological basis, suitability of resources and environment

于贵瑞, 张雪梅, 赵东升, 邓思琪. 区域资源环境承载力科学概念及其生态学基础的讨论[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3): 577-590.

YU Gui-rui, ZHANG Xue-mei, ZHAO Dong-sheng, DENG Si-qi. Discussion on the scientific concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity and its ecological basis.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(3): 577-590.

参考文献 65

[1]	于贵瑞, 杨萌, 付超, 等. 大尺度陆地生态系统管理的理论基础及其应用研究的思考. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(3): 771-787
[2]	Andersen T, Carstensen J, Hernandez-Garcia E, et al. Ecological thresholds and regime shifts: Approaches to identification. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2009, 24: 49-57
[3]	刘文政, 朱瑾. 资源环境承载力研究进展: 基于地理学综合研究的视角. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2017, 27(6): 75-86
[4]	关涛. 中国土地资源配置与可持续发展研究. 博士论文. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2002
[5]	王永杰, 张雪萍. 生态阈值理论的初步探究. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(12): 282-286
[6]	IPCC. Climate Change 2014 Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2014
[7]	Bergstrom JC, Landol A. 谢关平, 朱方明, 译. 资源经济学. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 2015
[8]	张绅, 吴章钟, 周秀佳. 植物地理学. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1987
[9]	孙鸿烈. 中国资源科学百科全书. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社, 2000
[10]	封志明, 李鹏. 承载力概念的源起与发展: 基于资源环境视角的讨论. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(9): 1475-1489
[11]	Malthus TR. 朱泱, 胡企林, 朱和中, 译. 人口原理. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2009
[12]	Hadwen S, Palmer LJ. Reindeer in Alaska. USDA Bulletin. Washington DC: Department of Agriculture, 1922
[13]	William V. Road to survival. Soil Science, 1948, 67: 75
[14]	Meadows DH, Rome CO. The limits to growth: A report for the Club of Rome's project on the predicament of mankind. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 1973, 4: 323-332
[15]	UNESCO, FAO. Carrying Capacity Assessment with A Pilot Study of Kenya: A Resource Accounting Methodology for Exploring National Options for Sustainable Development. Paris and Rome: FAO, 1985
[16]	Arrow K, Bolin B, Costanza R, et al. Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment. Science, 1995, 268: 520-521
[17]	Holling CS. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics, 1973, 4: 1-23
[18]	Immerzeel WW, Lutz AF, Andrade M, et al. Importance and vulnerability of the world's water towers. Nature, 2020, 577: 364-369
[19]	Bastiaansen R, Doelman A, Eppinga MB, et al. The effect of climate change on the resilience of ecosystems with adaptive spatial pattern formation. Ecology Letters, 2020, 23: 414-429
[20]	Arani BMS, Carpenter SR, Lahti L, et al. Exit time as a measure of ecological resilience. Science, 2021, 372: eaay4895
[21]	竺可桢. 论我国气候的几个特点及其与粮食作物生产的关系. 科学通报, 1964(3): 189-199
[22]	任美锷. 四川省农作物生产力的地理分布. 地理学报, 1950, 16(1): 1-22
[23]	封志明, 杨艳昭, 闫慧敏, 等. 百年来的资源环境承载力研究: 从理论到实践. 资源科学, 2017, 39(3): 379-395
[24]	施雅风. 乌鲁木齐河流域水资源承载力及其合理利用. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992
[25]	周侃. 区域资源环境承载能力评价方法及其理论基础研究——以宁夏西海固地区为例. 博士论文. 北京: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 2014
[26]	封志明, 刘登伟. 京津冀地区水资源供需平衡及其水资源承载力. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(5): 689-699
[27]	曾维华, 王华东, 薛纪渝, 等. 人口、资源与环境协调发展关键问题之一——环境承载力研究. 中国人口·资源与环境, 1991, 1(2): 33-37
[28]	赵东升, 郭彩贇, 郑度, 等. 生态承载力研究进展. 生态学报, 2019, 39(2): 399-410
[29]	樊杰. 我国主体功能区划的科学基础. 地理学报, 2007, 62(4): 339-350
[30]	黄贤金, 宋娅娅. 基于共轭角力机制的区域资源环境综合承载力评价模型. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(10): 2103-2112
[31]	谢高地. 中国生态资源承载力研究. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011
[32]	Bayliss-Smith T. Constraints on population growth: The case of the Polynesian Outlier Atolls in the precontact period. Human Ecology, 1974, 2: 259-295
[33]	王开运. 生态承载力复合模型系统与应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007
[34]	Odum EP, Barrett GW. 陆健健, 王伟, 王天慧, 等, 译. 生态学基础(第五版). 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2009
[35]	Barrett GW, Odum EP. The twenty-first century: The world at carrying capacity. Bioscience, 2000, 50: 363-368
[36]	吴冬秀, 张彤, 白永飞, 等. -3/2方自疏法则的机理与普适性. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(9): 1081-1084
[37]	Lotka AJ. Elements of Physical Biology. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1956
[38]	Volterra V. Variations and fluctuations of the number of individuals in animal species living together. Journal Du Conseil, 1928, 3: 3-51
[39]	Holland JR. Hidden order: How adaptation builds complexity. Artificial Life, 1995, 2: 333-335
[40]	Walker B, Hollin CS, Carpenter SR, et al. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 2004, 9: 5
[41]	葛怡, 史培军, 徐伟, 等. 恢复力研究的新进展与评述. 灾害学, 2010, 25(3): 119-124
[42]	Lewonin RC. The meaning of stability: Diversity and stability in ecological systems. Brookhaven Symposium in Biology, 1969, 22: 13-24
[43]	Scheffer M. Critical Transitions in Nature and Society. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 2009
[44]	Dakos V, Matthews B, Hendry AP, et al. Ecosystem tipping points in an evolving world. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2019, 3: 355-362
[45]	Clements CF, Ozgul A. Indicators of transitions in biological systems. Ecology Letters, 2018, 21: 905-919
[46]	赵东升, 张雪梅. 生态系统多稳态的研究进展. 生态学报, 2021, 41(16): 1-15
[47]	Hu Z, Guo Q, Li S, et al. Shifts in the dynamics of productivity signal ecosystem state transitions at the biome-scale. Ecology Letters, 2018, 21: 1457-1466
[48]	Guttal V, Jayaprakash C. Changing skewness: An early warning signal of regime shifts in ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 2008, 11: 450-460
[49]	Dakos V. Anticipating critical transitions. Science Advances, 2012, 338: 344-348
[50]	孙晶, 王俊, 杨新军. 社会-生态系统恢复力研究综述. 生态学报, 2007, 27(12): 5371-5381
[51]	Holling CS. Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems, 2001, 4: 390-405
[52]	Walker B, Holling CS, Carpenter SR, et al. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 2003, 9: 5
[53]	Pringle RM, Doak DF, Brody AK, et al. Spatial pattern enhances ecosystem functioning in an African Savanna. PLoS Biology, 2010, 8(5): e1000377
[54]	Bonachela JA, Pringle RM, Sheffer E, et al. Termite mounds can increase the robustness of dryland ecosystems to climatic change. Science, 2015, 347: 651-655
[55]	Ingrisch J, Bahn M. Towards a comparable quantification of resilience. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2018, 33: 251-259
[56]	Bastiaansen R, Doelman A, Eppinga MB, et al. The effect of climate change on the resilience of ecosystems with adaptive spatial pattern formation. Ecology Letters, 2020, 23: 414-429
[57]	Dakos V. Identifying best-indicator species for abrupt transitions in multispecies communities. Ecological Indicators, 2018, 94: 494-502
[58]	Liu QX, Herman PMJ, Mooij WM, et al. Pattern formation at multiple spatial scales drives the resilience of mussel bed ecosystems. Nature Communications, 2014, 5: 5234
[59]	de Paoli H, Tjisse VDH, Aniek VDB, et al. Behavioral self-organization underlies the resilience of a coastal ecosystem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017, 114: 8035-8040
[60]	Sanyal J, Lu XX. Remote sensing and GIS-based flood vulnerability assessment of human settlements: A case study of Gangetic West Bengal, India. Hydrological Processes, 2010, 19: 3699-3716
[61]	Staver AC, Archibald S, Levin SA. The global extent and determinants of savanna and forest as alternative biome states. Science, 2011, 334: 230-232
[62]	Drake JM, Griffen BD. Early warning signals of extinction in deteriorating environments. Nature, 2010, 467: 456-459
[63]	Carpenter SR, Cole JJ, Pace ML, et al. Early warnings of regime shifts: A whole-ecosystem experiment. Science, 2011, 332: 1079-1082
[64]	Scheffer M, Bascompte J, Brock WA, et al. Early-warning signals for critical transitions. Nature, 2009, 461: 53-59
[65]	Kefi S, Rietkerk M, Alados CL, et al. Spatial vegetation patterns and imminent desertification in Mediterranean arid ecosystems. Nature, 2007, 449: 213-217

区域资源环境承载力科学概念及其生态学基础的讨论

Discussion on the scientific concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity and its ecological basis.

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 65

相关文章 11

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	于贵瑞, 郝天象, 杨萌. 中国区域生态恢复和环境治理的生态系统原理及若干学术问题 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(2): 289-304.
[2]	张韦萍, 石培基, 赵武生, 黄万状. 黄河上游兰州-西宁城市群资源环境承载力时空分异及障碍因子诊断 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(9): 2501-2510.
[3]	赵东升, 张雪梅, 邓思琪, 于贵瑞. 区域资源环境承载力的评价理论及方法讨论 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3): 591-602.
[4]	于贵瑞, 任小丽, 杨萌, 陈智. 宏观生态系统科学整合研究的多学科知识融合及其技术途径 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(9): 3031-3044.
[5]	于贵瑞, 张黎, 何洪林, 杨萌. 大尺度陆地生态系统动态变化与空间变异的过程模型及模拟系统 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8): 2653-2665.
[6]	于贵瑞, 张雷明, 张扬建, 杨萌. 大尺度陆地生态系统状态变化及其资源环境效应的立体化协同联网观测 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 1903-1918.
[7]	于贵瑞, 陈智, 张维康, 杨萌. 试论宏观生态系统科学研究的多学科维度基本问题及其方法体系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(5): 1531-1544.
[8]	于贵瑞, 杨萌, 陈智, 张雷明. 大尺度区域生态环境治理及国家生态安全格局构建的技术途径和战略布局 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(4): 1141-1153.
[9]	于贵瑞, 陈智, 杨萌, 王秋凤. 大尺度陆地生态系统科学研究的理论基础及其技术体系之探讨 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(2): 377-391.
[10]	郭轲,王立群**. 京津冀地区资源环境承载力动态变化及其驱动因子 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(12): 3818-3826.
[11]	于贵瑞. 生态系统管理学的概念框架及其生态学基础 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2001, (5): 787-794.