汽车尾气污染对四种北方阔叶树苗木膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用相同浓度(25μgNO₂·m^-3)不同处理时间(1、3、5、7d)和相同处理时间(2h)不同浓度(40、60、80、100μgNO₂·m^-3)两种方法进行熏气处理,研究了汽车尾气对五角槭、山荆子、山梨和茶条槭苗木叶液pH值、相对电导率、MDA含量、叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性及ASA含量的影响.结果表明,随着熏气时间的延长和熏气浓度的增加,4个树种苗木的叶液pH值、叶绿素含量和ASA含量均逐渐降低,相对电导率、MDA含量、SOD和POD活性逐渐上升.不同树种苗木叶片组织的各项指标间存在较大差异.相同浓度处理7d后,山梨苗木叶片组织的pH降幅最大,山荆子次之,茶条槭最小;叶绿素含量的下降顺序为山梨>山荆子>茶条槭>五角槭;ASA含量的下降幅度以五角槭和茶条槭较小,山荆子和山梨较大.随着处理时间的延长,五角槭苗木叶片组织的相对电导率和MDA含量上升幅度最大,分别比对照升高了68.1%和52.50%,山荆子次之,茶条槭最小.随着处理浓度的增加,山荆子苗木的相对电导率和MDA上升幅度最大,分别比对照升高99.8%和52.5%,山梨次之,五角槭和茶条槭较小.4个树种苗木的自由基清除系统受到明显影响,SOD、POD活性呈上升趋势.茶条槭除ASA变幅稍高于五角槭外,各项生理指标的变化明显低于其它3个树种,表现出相对较强的抗性.山荆子的各项生理指标变化幅度相对较大,且其SOD和POD在最高浓度处理时开始遭到破坏,表现出相对较弱的抗性.

关键词: 汽车尾气, 叶液pH值, 相对电导率, 叶绿素, MDA, SOD, POD, ASA

Abstract: By means of fumigating one-year-old seedlings in open top chambers,this paper studied the impact of automobile exhaust on the pH value,relative conductivity,malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll contents,superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities,and ascorbic acid (ASA) content in the seedlings foliage of four tree species,Acer mono,Malus baccata,Prunus ussuriensis,and Acer ginnala.During the fumigation,the seedlings were exposed to the same exhaust gas concentration (25 μg·m^-3,indicated by the NO₂ concentration in exhaust) for different durations (1,3,5,7 d),and to different concentrations (40,60,80,100 μg NO₂·m^-3) for same duration (2 h).The results showed that the pH value and the chlorophyll and ascorbic acid (ASA) contents decreased,whereas the relative conductivity,malondialdehyde (MDA) content,and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) activities increased with increasing fumigation duration and exhaust concentration.Obvious interspecies variations in term of physiological features were found.After treated 7 days with 25 μg NO₂·m^-3 and treated 2 h with 100 μg NO₂·m^-3,only a 1.5% and 2.7% decrease of cell juice pH was found in A.ginnala,respectively,compared to the control.The corresponding data for P.ussuriensis was 9.42% and 13.89%,followed by M.baccata.The chlorophyll content of A.mono,A.ginnala,M.baccata and P.ussuriensis was 83.0%,71.3%,68.7% and 54.9%,respectively of the control after 7 days treated with 25 μg NO₂·m^-3,and the corresponding data under 100 μg NO₂·m^-3 treatment was 60.2%,73.1%,43.4% and 51.2%,respectively.The decrease of ASA content and Acer ginnala was less in A.mono than in M.baccata and P.ussuriensis.The relative conductivity and MDA content of A.mono increased respectively by 68.1% and 52.5% in compared with control,while those of A.ginnala had the least increment.As for the 100 μg NO₂·m^-3 treatment,the maximum increases of relative conductivity (99.8%) and MDA content (52.5%) were found in M.baccata,while the least were found in A.mono and A.ginnala.The SOD and POD activities generally increased under the highest concentration of exhaust,with the exception of M.baccata.To summarize,almost all the test physiological features of A.ginnala were least affected,suggesting its great tolerance to exhaust stress,but in contrary,the greatest variation of the physiological features and the dramatic decline of SOD and POD activities of M.baccata at the highest exhaust concentration indicated that this tree species had the least tolerance to exhaust stress.

Key words: Automobile exhaust, Leaf cell pH value, Relative conductivity, Chlorophyll, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Peroxidase, Ascorbic acid

中图分类号:

X173

马树华, 王庆成, 李亚藏. 汽车尾气污染对四种北方阔叶树苗木膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (12): 2330-2336.

MA Shuhua, WANG Qingcheng, LI Yacang. Impact of automobile exhaust on membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme activities in seedlings foliage of four northern broadleaved tree species[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (12): 2330-2336.

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