辽东山区天然次生林雪/风灾害成因及分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对2003年春发生在辽东山区的森林雪/风灾害的成因、过程、受灾情况、造成的危害、与林分结构特征的关系以及对未来次生林生态系统的影响等进行了调查分析.结果表明,雪/风的发生是在一个大的降水天气过程基础上,由于气温的异常变化形成的.受灾严重区多分布于海拔高、坡度大,林型比较单一的桦树、柞树、色树、胡桃楸和杨树等林分.林分密度和受灾率及土层厚度和受害株数均呈显著的线性负相关;受灾数量与径级和树高分别呈指数负相关和指数正相关.同时探讨了雪/风害对天然次生林生态系统内病虫害发生、林下植被、生境因子和建群种变化产生的可能影响.

关键词: 天然次生林, 暴风雪, 灾害

Abstract: In early spring of 2003,the secondary forests at the Qingyuan Experimental Forests (QEF) of the Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences suffered from the damage caused by snow and wind (snow/wind damage).This damage occurred at 800 m above sea level was the most serious one since 1949 In order to make clear its occurrence and process and to analyze its possible influences on the secondary forest system,comprehensive investigations were conducted soon after the snow/wind damage.The results showed that the occurrence of this damage was due to the special site conditions (higher sea level and steeper slopes) and air temperature,which suited the wet snow formation and the snow accumulation on trees after a large scale of precipitation.The more seriously damaged areas were those with the stands of Acer mono,Juglans mandshurica,Populus spp. and so on.The ratio of damaged trees was negatively correlated with stand density,soil depth and size class of diameter,and positively correlated with tree height.Based on these results,the likely influences of snow/wind damage,i.e.,the happening of diseases and insect pests,the vegetation changing under forests,and the factors of habitat and dominant species in natural secondary forests were also discussed.It is significant that to do observation and basic research on damaged forests will provide reasonable strategies for management of natural secondary forests.

Key words: Natural secondary forest, Snow/wind damage, Disaster

中图分类号:

S716
S718.5

李秀芬, 朱教君, 王庆礼, 刘足根, 侯传生, 杨焕君. 辽东山区天然次生林雪/风灾害成因及分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (6): 941-946.

LI Xiufen, ZHU Jiaojun, WANG Qingli, LIU Zugen, HOU Chuansheng, YANG Huanjun . Snow/wind damage in natural secondary forests in Liaodong mountainous regions of Liaoning Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (6): 941-946.

参考文献

[1] Bai Y-Q(白云庆),Hao W-K(郝文康).1986.Forest Mensuration.Beijing:China Forestry Press.100～117(in Chinese)
[2] Gao X-M(高贤明),Wang W(王巍).2001.Diameter structure,population origin and ecological significance of Quercus liaodongensis in Beijing mountainous area.Acta Phytoecol Sin(植物生态学报),25(6):673～678(in Chinese)
[3] Gardiner BA,Quine CP.2000.Management of forests to reduce the risk of abiotic damage,a review with particular reference to the effects of strong winds.For Ecol Manage,135:261～277
[4] He Q-T(贺庆棠).2001.Forest Meteorology of China.Beijing:China Forestry Press.62～69,403～415(in Chinese)
[5] Hou Y-Z(侯元兆).1992.Review on forest conservation:Questions and tendency.World For Res(世界林业研究),5(1):1～6(in Chinese)
[6] Jiang F-Q(姜凤岐),Zhu J-J(朱教君).1993.Investigation on the occurrence of extraordinarily serious sand storm in Ningxia Hui Nationality and Neimenggu Autonomous regions.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),4(4):343～352(in Chinese)
[7] Luo Y-F(罗云峰).2002."Reducing vulnerability to weather and climate exremes"-The theme of 2002 world meteorological day.Sci Found China(中国科学基金),16(5):279～283(in Chinese)
[8] Li J-W(李景文).1994.Forest Ecology.Beijng:China Forestry Press.153～177(in Chinese)
[9] Matsuzaki T.1994.Impact of wind and snow on forest.Proceedings of NAFRO Seminar on Sustainable Forestry and Its Biological Environment.Tokyo:Japan Society of Forest Planning Press.145～148.
[10] Michael B,Christian R.2002.The storm Lothar 1999 in Switzerland-An incident analysis.For Snow Landsc Res,77(1/2):207～216(in Chinese)
[11] Petri P,Elise J.2003.Forest stand characteristics and wind and snow induced forest damage in boreal forest.In:Ruck B,Kottmeier C,Matteck C,eds.Proceedings of the International Conference Wind Effects on Trees.Karlsruhe:Published by Lab Building,Environment Aerodynamics,Institute of Hydrology,University of Karlsruhe,Germany.269～276
[12] Petty JA,Worrell R.1981.Stability of coniferous tree stems in relation to damage by snow.Forestry,54:115～128
[13] Quine CP.1995.Assessing the risk of wind damage to forests:Practice and pitfalls.In:Coutts MP,Grace J,eds.Wind and Trees.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.379～403
[14] Samuelsson M.1970.Storm och sn?iiskogen.Skogs?] garen,12:17～19
[15] Sch?inenberger W.2002.Windthrow research after the 1990 storm Vivian in Switzerland:Objectives,study sites,and projects.For Snow Landsc Res,77:9～16
[16] Sun W-Z(孙伟中),Dai L-M(代力民).1997.Diameter structure of the main trees in tillia broadleaved Korean pine forest.Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志),16(1):19～22(in Chinese)
[17] Suominen O.1963.Metsik?iiden alttius lumituboon.Tutkimus Etel?] -Suomessa talvella 1958～1959 sattuneesta lumituhosta(Susceptility of stands to devastion by snow.Investigation into snow devation in South Finland in winter 1958～1959).Silva Fennica,112(5):1～35
[18] Valinger E,Lundqcist L.1992.En analys av snbrottsskador p?[?irnsk?ildsviks skogsf?irvaltning,Modo.Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet.Inst Skogsk?it Arbetsr,64:1～22
[19] Wang A-S(王爱生),Liu B-C(刘宝财).2000.Study on management of natural secondary forests.Jiangxi For Sci Technol(江西林业科技),(3):1～4(in Chinese)
[20] Wang H-X(王贺新),Yao G-Q(姚国清).1992.Study on three dimensional management pattern of natural secondary forests.For Sci(林业科学),28(6):502～509(in Chinese)
[21] Xu Z-L(徐祝龄).1994.Meteorology.Beijing:Meteorology Press.32～33(in Chinese)
[22] Zhang F(张放),Hu W-L(胡万良).2003.Conservation and sustainable management of secondary forests in mountainous areas of eastern Liaoning.J Liaoning For Sci Technol(辽宁林业科技),(3):5～8(in Chinese)
[23] Zhang P-C(张佩昌),Wang Q-L(王庆礼).2000.The Expert's Talking about the Conservation of Natural Forests.Beijing:China Forestry Press.86～100(in Chinese)
[24] Zhang Y-Z(张元箴).1992.Weather Tutorial.Beijing:Meteorology Press.54～65(in Chinese)
[25] Zhao B-Z(赵宝珠),Zhang F-J(张凤杰).1999.The discussion on the forming and management measure of natural secondary forests in Liaoning.J Liaoning For Sci Technol(辽宁林业科技),(5):47～48(in Chinese)
[26] Zhu JJ,Matsuzaki T,Gonda Y.2001.Extreme wind over a pine coastal forest established for sand-control at Aoyama of Niigata in Japan.J Erosion Control,54(1):12～20
[27] Zhu J-J(朱教君).2002.A review on fundamental studies of secondary forest management.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(12):1689～1694(in Chinese)
[28] Zhu JJ,Li FQ,Matsuzaki T,Gonda Y,et al.2003.Effects of thinning on wind damage in Pinus thunbergii plantation: Based on theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage.J For Res,14(1):1～8
[29] Zhu JJ,Matsuzaki T,Li FQ,et al.2002.Theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage in a coastal forest.J For Res,13(4):309～315