秦岭北麓典型栓皮栎天然次生林群落结构与物种组成

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202312.001

应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 3214-3222.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202312.001

秦岭北麓典型栓皮栎天然次生林群落结构与物种组成

赵亮¹, 杨治春^2,3, 周卷华¹, 王国强¹, 尹秋龙^2,3, 赵锦⁴, 齐光⁵, 原作强^2,3*

¹陕西省楼观台国有生态实验林场, 陕西周至 710400;
²西北工业大学生态环境学院, 西安 710072;
³陕西省秦岭生态智能化监测与保护重点实验室, 西安 710129;
⁴西安市长安区林业工作站, 西安 710100;
⁵平顶山学院化学与环境工程学院, 河南平顶山 467000

收稿日期:2023-06-14 修回日期:2023-10-17 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2024-06-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: zqyuan@nwpu.edu.cn
作者简介:赵亮, 男, 1981年生, 学士。主要从事森林资源管护、森林有害生物防治和森林防火研究。E-mail: 526247185@qq.com
基金资助:
陕西省基础科学研究项目(22JHQ036)、陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2022KRM090)、河南省科技攻关项目(212102310840)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项

Community structure and species composition of typical Quercus variabilis natural secondary forest at the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains, China

ZHAO Liang¹, YANG Zhichun^2,3, ZHOU Juanhua¹, WANG Guoqiang¹, YIN Qiulong^2,3, ZHAO Jin⁴, QI Guang⁵, YUAN Zuoqiang^2,3*

¹Louguantai National Experimental Forest Farm in Shaanxi Province, Zhouzhi 710400, Shaanxi, China;
²School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
³Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, Xi’an 710129, China;
⁴Forestry Workstation in Chang’an District, Xi’an 710100, China;
⁵School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, Henan, China

Received:2023-06-14 Revised:2023-10-17 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2024-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文利用陕西省周至县楼观台实验林场的落叶阔叶林动态监测样地,研究了秦岭北麓典型栓皮栎天然次生林的物种组成和群落结构。结果表明: 样地内胸径≥1 cm的木本植物独立个体有3162株,木本植物有42种,隶属于25科36属。群落属的区系类型主要为温带成分,占总数的44.4%,热带成分次之。群落优势树种明显,重要值前3位的树种分别为栓皮栎、油松、槲栎,其重要值之和为64.7%。样地内所有个体的平均胸径为7.58 cm。所有个体以及乔木层优势种径级分布呈近似正态分布,且中等径级个体较多。群落结构稳定,但群落更新不良,种群有衰退的趋势。样地不同样方间生物多样性指数变异较大,均值低于亚热带常绿阔叶林。群落物种分布与环境因子有明显的相关性。土壤和地形解释了群落分布42.4%的变异。海拔和土壤速效钾对群落分布有显著影响。海拔、土壤全磷和有机质含量显著影响栓皮栎群落的物种多样性。栓皮栎种群较强的适应性使其在低养分环境占主导地位,但也限制了群落物种多样性。

关键词: 天然次生林, 秦岭, 群落结构, 物种组成, 物种多样性, 栓皮栎

Abstract: We investigated species composition and community structure of a typical Quercus variabilis natural secondary forest in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains, within the dynamic monitoring plot of deciduous broad-leaved forest at the Louguantai experimental forest farm in Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province. The results showed that there were 3162 individual woody plants with diameter at breast height ≥1 cm in the plot, which were belonged to 42 species, 36 genera, and 25 families. The community genus’s areal type was dominated by the temperate component, which accounted for 44.4%, and followed by the tropical component. The community was dominated by several tree species. The top three species with respect to importance value were Q. variabilis, Pinus tabuliformis, and Quercus aliena, with the sum of their importance value being 64.7%. The average DBH of all woody plants was 7.58 cm. The distribution of all individuals and dominant species in the tree layer was approximately normal, with more medium-size individuals. The community structure was stable. The community was poorly renewed, with a trend of population decline. Biodiversity indices varied considerably among different plots, being lower than those of subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. There was a significant correlation between community species distribution and environmental factors. Soil and topography explained 42.4% of the variation in community distribution. Altitude and soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen had a significant effect on community distribution. Altitude, soil total phosphorus, and organic matter content significantly affected the species diversity of Q. variabilis communities. The stronger adaptability of Q. variabilis populations allowed them to become dominant in low-nutrient environments, which limited species diversity in the community.

Key words: natural secondary forest, Qinling Mountains, community structure, species composition, species diversity, Quercus variabilis

赵亮, 杨治春, 周卷华, 王国强, 尹秋龙, 赵锦, 齐光, 原作强. 秦岭北麓典型栓皮栎天然次生林群落结构与物种组成[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(12): 3214-3222.

ZHAO Liang, YANG Zhichun, ZHOU Juanhua, WANG Guoqiang, YIN Qiulong, ZHAO Jin, QI Guang, YUAN Zuoqiang. Community structure and species composition of typical Quercus variabilis natural secondary forest at the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(12): 3214-3222.

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秦岭北麓典型栓皮栎天然次生林群落结构与物种组成

Community structure and species composition of typical Quercus variabilis natural secondary forest at the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains, China

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