长期缺素施肥及石灰石膏施用对江西鹰潭红壤反硝化微生物功能基因丰度的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.033

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 2209-2216.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.033

长期缺素施肥及石灰石膏施用对江西鹰潭红壤反硝化微生物功能基因丰度的影响

段春健^1,2, 宛颂^1,2, 叶桂萍³, 樊剑波⁴, 王全成^1,2, 贺纪正^1,2, 林永新^1,2*

¹湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地, 福州 350007;
²福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007;
³闽江学院海洋研究院, 福州 350108;
⁴中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008

收稿日期:2020-09-21 接受日期:2021-02-23 发布日期:2021-12-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: yxlin@fjnu.edu.cn.
作者简介:段春健, 男, 1996生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事土壤微生物生态学研究. E-mail: duanchunJ@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41807048,41930756)和中国博士后科学基金项目(2019T120474)资助

Long-term effects of imbalanced fertilization with lime and gypsum additions on denitrifying functional genes of an Ultisol at Yingtan, Jiangxi, China

DUAN Chun-jian^1,2, WAN Song^1,2, YE Gui-ping³, FAN Jian-bo⁴, WANG Quan-cheng^1,2, HE Ji-zheng^1,2, LIN Yong-xin^1,2*

¹Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fuzhou 350007, China;
²School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China;
³Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
⁴Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2020-09-21 Accepted:2021-02-23 Published:2021-12-15
Contact: * E-mail: yxlin@fjnu.edu.cn.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41807048, 41930756) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019T120474).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 反硝化功能基因丰度是决定温室气体氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放潜力的重要生物因素。反硝化功能基因主要包括产生N₂O的关键基因nirK和nirS,以及将N₂O还原成氮气的基因nosZ I和nosZ II。本研究利用实时荧光定量PCR,研究了32年缺施氮(N)、磷(P)或钾(K)肥,以及施用石灰、石膏处理下江西鹰潭红壤反硝化功能基因的丰度,分析了其关键影响因素。结果表明: 与平衡施肥的NPK处理相比,缺施P肥显著降低了nirK、nirS、nosZ I和nosZ II基因丰度;缺施N肥显著降低了nirK、nosZ I和nosZ II丰度,对nirS丰度无显著影响;缺施K肥则对反硝化功能基因丰度无显著影响。逐步回归和随机森林分析表明,土壤pH值是影响旱地红壤nosZ I和nosZ II基因丰度的关键环境因子。施用石灰或石灰+石膏提高了土壤pH值,进而显著提高了nosZ II基因丰度和nosZ II/nosZ I比值,增幅分别为151%～233%和127%～155%。旱地红壤施用石灰或石灰+石膏更有利于nosZ II型N₂O还原菌生长,可能提高nosZ II在N₂O还原中的相对重要性。缺施P肥对红壤反硝化功能基因丰度的负面影响最大,而施用石灰或石灰+石膏可以提高nosZ II丰度和nosZ II/nosZ I比值,有利于降低红壤N₂O排放潜力。

关键词: 农田土壤, 长期施肥, 石灰, nosZ I, nosZ II

Abstract: The abundance of denitrifying functional genes plays a key role in driving the soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission potential. Nitrite reductase genes (nirK and nirS) and nitrous oxide reductase genes (nosZ I and nosZ II) are the dominant denitrifying funtional genes. In this study, real-time quantitative PCR was conducted to evaluate the effects of 32-year imbalanced fertilization and lime and gypsum additions on the abundances of nirK, nirS, nosZ I and nosZ II genes in an Ultisol at Yingtan, Jiangxi Province. We further explored the underlying driving factors. The results showed that, compared with the balanced fertilization treatment, fertilization without phosphorus (P) signifi-cantly decreased the abundances of nirK, nirS, nosZ I and nosZ II genes. Fertilization without nitrogen (N) significantly reduced the abundances of nirK, nosZ I and nosZ II, but did not affect the abundance of nirS. Fertilization without potassium (K) did not affect the abundances of all denitri-fying functional genes. Results of stepwise regression analysis and random forest analysis showed that soil pH was a key environmental factor affecting the abundances of nosZ I and nosZ II. The application of lime or lime + gypsum significantly increased soil pH, which subsequently increased the abundances of nosZ II and nosZ II/nosZ I by 150%-231% and 127%-155%, respectively. Our results suggested that application of lime or lime + gypsum favored nosZ II more than nosZ I in upland Ultisols, which might enhance the relative importance of nosZ II in N₂O reduction. Overall, fertilization without P would reduce denitrifying gene abundances, while the application of lime or lime + gypsum enriched nosZ II and increased ratio of nosZ II/nosZ I, which might be beneficial for reducing N₂O emission potential in the Ultisols.

Key words: agricultural soil, long-term fertilization, liming, nosZ I, nosZ II

段春健, 宛颂, 叶桂萍, 樊剑波, 王全成, 贺纪正, 林永新. 长期缺素施肥及石灰石膏施用对江西鹰潭红壤反硝化微生物功能基因丰度的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 2209-2216.

DUAN Chun-jian, WAN Song, YE Gui-ping, FAN Jian-bo, WANG Quan-cheng, HE Ji-zheng, LIN Yong-xin. Long-term effects of imbalanced fertilization with lime and gypsum additions on denitrifying functional genes of an Ultisol at Yingtan, Jiangxi, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(6): 2209-2216.

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长期缺素施肥及石灰石膏施用对江西鹰潭红壤反硝化微生物功能基因丰度的影响

Long-term effects of imbalanced fertilization with lime and gypsum additions on denitrifying functional genes of an Ultisol at Yingtan, Jiangxi, China

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