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应用生态学报 ›› 1999, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (6): 703-706.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

落叶松冠部6种病虫生态效应的研究

王志明1, 刘国荣1, 王永民1, 景天忠1, 任万军2, 王建国2   

  1. 1. 吉林省林业科学研究院, 长春130031;
    2. 吉林省敦化市林业局, 敦化133700
  • 收稿日期:1997-06-02 修回日期:1997-11-10 出版日期:1999-11-25 发布日期:1999-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 王志明,男,43岁,研究员,主要从事森林昆虫生态及害虫防治技术研究,发表学术论文69篇.
  • 基金资助:

    吉林省科委青年科学基金资助项目(62-2).

Ecological effects of six diseases and insects on larch crown

Wang Zhiming1, Liu Guorong1, Wang Yongmin1, Jing Tianzhong1, Ren Wanjun2, Wang Jianguo2   

  1. 1. Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun 130031;
    2. Forestry Bureau of Dunhua City, Dunhua 133700
  • Received:1997-06-02 Revised:1997-11-10 Online:1999-11-25 Published:1999-11-25

摘要: 落叶松落叶病、枯梢病、褐锈病、兴安落叶松鞘蛾、落叶松球蚜、大蚜同为落叶松冠层的主要病虫害,但各具不同的生态位。不同害虫(包括虫态)、病害对落叶松冠层的作用时序均具交错出现、相互回避的现象。对生态环境亦各有不同选择,鞘蛾和球蚜大都喜于平坦、阳坡的林分,林分郁闭度0.8~0.5为宜,尤以鞘蛾更喜于林缘和林分的天窗。通过对病虫害的综合作用研究,从落叶松生长期6种病虫作用生命表中得知,自5月下旬至7月上旬,落叶松冠层中以害虫危害为主,自7月下旬病害加入,使林木受害逐渐加重。仅有3种害虫危害时,生命表中Kx值为0.016~0.0197,病害加入后Kx值增至0.124,9月7日Kx值达0.26.3种病害的大量失叶时间为8月,可连续影响3年生长,影响最大者为第2年,鞘蛾在5月造成大量失叶。

关键词: 落叶松, 病虫, 生态效应, NDVI最大值, 青藏高原, 降水变化, 降水集中期, 降水集度

Abstract: The fungi of Mycosphaerella larici-leptolepis,Botryosphaeria laricina,Triphragmiopses laricimum and insects of Coleophora dahurica,Adelges laricis,Cinara laricis are common pests on larch (Larix olgensis). Each species possesses different ecological niche on larch crown. The effects of different insects (or developmental phases) and diseases on larch crown showed the phenomena of alternate emergence over time,inter evasion and selecting different ecological environments.The life table of 6 pests showed that the insect pests were major pests of the larch crown from late May to early July.After late July when fungi diseases invaded the needles and shoots,the larch was injured seriously.When3 insect pests attached larch only,the Kx value in life table was 0.016~0.0197. While the diseases affected,Kx was up to 0.124,reaching0.26 on September 7. The fungal diseases seriously defoliated larch trees in August,which could affect continuously the growth of larch for 3 years,and most seriously in second year. C.dahurica defoliated trees in May.

Key words: Larch, Disease and insect pests, Ecological effect, NDVI maximum, Tibetan Plateau, precipitation change, precipitation concentration index, precipitation centroid