利用137Cs技术研究黑土坡耕地土壤再分布特征

应用生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 464-468.

利用¹³⁷Cs技术研究黑土坡耕地土壤再分布特征

方华军^1,2, 杨学明¹, 张晓平¹, 梁爱珍^1,2

1. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春, 130012;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京, 100039

收稿日期:2004-02-12 修回日期:2004-06-21 出版日期:2005-03-15 发布日期:2005-03-15
通讯作者: 方华军,男,1978年生,博士生.主要从事土壤有机碳和土壤侵蚀方面的研究,发表论文6篇.Tel:0431-5542234; E-mail:huajunfang@yahoo.com
基金资助:
中国科学院国外杰出人才支持项目(K0923)和国家自然科学基金资助项目(40271108,40471125).

Redistribution patterns of black soil in hillslope landform of Northeast China:A ¹³⁷Cs study

FANG Huajun^1,2, YANG Xueming¹, ZHANG Xiaoping¹, LIANG Aizhen^1,2

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China;
2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

Received:2004-02-12 Revised:2004-06-21 Online:2005-03-15 Published:2005-03-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用¹³⁷Cs示踪技术和不同的理论模型研究典型的东北漫岗地形的黑土土壤再分布状况.通过野外采样和模型分析,得出研究区¹³⁷Cs背景值为2232.75Bq·m^-2,介于长江三角洲和黄土高原背景值之间,表明¹³⁷Cs沉降与纬度和降水相关.研究区各地貌部位¹³⁷Cs含量在水平方向和深度分布上有很大的分异.坡肩部位¹³⁷Cs含量最低,土壤侵蚀最为强烈;坡顶和坡背侵蚀较为微弱;坡脚和坡足基本上表现土壤沉积.¹³⁷Cs分布深度从坡肩20crn到坡足80cm土层,表现出该区经历了强烈的侵蚀和沉积过程.文中采用4种常用的¹³⁷Cs土壤侵蚀模型估计研究区的土壤侵蚀速率,结果表明,PM模型明显低估了土壤侵蚀速率,MBM₁明显高估了土壤侵蚀速率,MBM₂和MBM₃估计的结果较为相近的合理结果.

关键词: 土壤再分布, ¹³⁷Cs, 校正模型, 黑土, 中国东北

Abstract: In the black soil region of Northeast China,soil and water loss is quite serious,but not fully investigated due to the lack of reliable methods. ¹³⁷Cs technology is a good one to study the medium and long term erosion and sedimentation rates and the spatial redistribution of soil.With this technology and the existing calibration models,this paper studied the redistribution patterns of black soil in a typical hillslope landform of Northeast China.The results showed that in the study area,the reference ¹³⁷Cs value was 2232.75 Bq穖^-2,intervenient the background values in the Yangtse River Delta and Loess Plateau;and the ¹³⁷Cs areal activity had a great differentiation in horizontal and vertical directions,being the lowest in the shoulder slope positions,which suggested that the summits and back slope positions suffered weak erosion,and some of the eroded soils were re deposited in foot slope and toe slope positions.The vertical distribution of ¹³⁷Cs in soil profile ranged from 20 cm on a shoulder slope to 80 cm on a toe slope position,indicating a significant erosion and deposition.Estimations with four existing calibration models showed that PM model underestimated while MBM₁ model overestimated the soil erosion rates very obviously,and both MBM₂ and MBM₃ gave similar and reasonable estimations.

Key words: Soil redistribution, Cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs), Calibration models, Black soils, Northeast China

中图分类号:

方华军, 杨学明, 张晓平, 梁爱珍. 利用¹³⁷Cs技术研究黑土坡耕地土壤再分布特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(3): 464-468.

FANG Huajun, YANG Xueming, ZHANG Xiaoping, LIANG Aizhen. Redistribution patterns of black soil in hillslope landform of Northeast China:A ¹³⁷Cs study[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(3): 464-468.

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利用¹³⁷Cs技术研究黑土坡耕地土壤再分布特征

Redistribution patterns of black soil in hillslope landform of Northeast China:A ¹³⁷Cs study

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