不同秸秆还田量和氮肥配施对玉米田土壤CO2排放的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.013

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 664-670.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.013

• 黑土地保护与农业可持续发展专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

不同秸秆还田量和氮肥配施对玉米田土壤CO₂排放的影响

武开阔^1,2, 张哲^3,4, 武志杰^1,5,6, 冯良山^3,4, 宫平^1,5,6, 白伟^3,4, 冯晨^3,4, 张丽莉^1,5,6*

¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
³辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所/辽宁省旱地保护性耕作重点实验室, 沈阳 110016;
⁴国家农业环境阜新观测实验站, 辽宁阜新 123100;
⁵国家土壤养分管理工程实验室, 沈阳 110016;
⁶中国科学院绿色肥料工程实验室, 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2021-07-08 接受日期:2021-12-29 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: llzhang@iae.ac.cn
作者简介:武开阔, 男, 1994年生, 博士研究生。主要从事植物营养与肥料研究。E-mail: wukaikuo16@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA28090200)、国家自然科学基金项目(31971531,41807388)、辽宁省农业科学院学科交流合作项目(2020HZ062001)、辽宁省科技重大专项课题(2020020287-JH1/103-03)和农业绿色高质量发展科技创新专项(2021HQ1907)资助。

Effects of different amounts of straw return and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil CO₂ emission from maize fields.

WU Kai-kuo^1,2, ZHANG Zhe^3,4, WU Zhi-jie^1,5,6, FENG Liang-shan^3,4, GONG Ping^1,5,6, BAI Wei^3,4, FENG Chen^3,4, ZHANG Li-li^1,5,6*

¹Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
³Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Liaoning Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage in Dry Land, Shenyang 110016, China;
⁴National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin 123100, Liaoning, China;
⁵National Engineering Laboratory for Soil Nutrient Management, Shenyang 110016, China;
⁶Engineering Laboratory for Green Fertilizers, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Received:2021-07-08 Accepted:2021-12-29 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探讨不同秸秆还田量和氮肥量配施对辽西北半干旱区玉米田土壤CO₂排放的影响,可为固碳减排和黑土地保护计划的实施提供理论支撑。本试验主区设置3个秸秆还田水平,分别为3000(S₁)、6000(S₂)和9000 kg·hm^-2(S₃,秸秆全量还田);副区设置3个氮肥施用水平,分别为105(N₁)、210(N₂,常规施氮量)和420 kg N·hm^-2(N₃),另设置不施氮肥不添加秸秆的对照处理(CK),共10个处理。采集定位试验4年后玉米田间土壤,通过培养试验,探究不同处理对玉米田土壤CO₂排放的影响及CO₂排放与土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)的关系。结果表明: 秸秆还田和氮肥施用均会促进玉米田土壤CO₂排放,并随秸秆还田量和施氮量的增加而显著增加,其中氮肥施用是促进玉米田土壤CO₂排放的最主要因素;秸秆还田与氮肥配施通过促进微生物生物量增加并加剧DOC消耗来促进玉米田土壤CO₂排放;MBC和DOC含量显著刺激玉米田土壤CO₂排放,且主要受两者培养前期含量的影响。从保障秸秆还田培肥地力同时减少CO₂排放的角度考虑,210 kg N·hm^-2常规施氮量与6000 kg·hm^-2秸秆还田配合施用(N₂S₂)是本试验条件下辽西北半干旱区最有潜力的田间施肥模式。

关键词: 土壤CO₂排放, 玉米秸秆, 氮肥, 溶解性有机碳, 微生物生物量碳, 黑土地

Abstract: Understanding the effects of different amounts of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil CO₂ emission from maize field can provide theoretical support for carbon sequestration and CO₂ emission reduction and the implementation of black soil region conservation plan. Three rates of straw returning were set up in the semi-arid area of northwest Liaoning Province, China, i.e. 3000 (S₁), 6000 (S₂) and 9000 kg·hm^-2(S₃, full amount of straw returned to the field); crossed with three nitrogen fertilizer application rates in the sub-region, respectively, i.e. 105 (N₁), 210 (N₂, conventional nitrogen application rate) and 420 kg N·hm^-2(N₃). In addition, there was a control treatment (CK) without nitrogen fertilizer and straw returning. Soil samples were collected after 4 years field experiment with maize plantation. The influence of different treatments on maize field soil CO₂ emission and the relationship between CO₂ emission and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were investigated in an incubation experiment. The results showed that both of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application promoted soil CO₂ emission in maize field, which were increased significantly with the increases of straw returning amount and nitrogen application amount. Nitrogen fertilizer application was the most important factor promoting soil CO₂ emission in maize field. Straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer promoted soil CO₂ emission by increasing microbial biomass and increasing DOC consumption. MBC and DOC stimulated soil CO₂ emission significantly in maize field, and were mainly affected by their contents in the early stage of incubation. From the perspective of ensuring the fertilization of straw return to the field while reducing CO₂ emissions, results from our experiment showed that 210 kg N·hm^-2 conventional nitrogen application in combination with 6000 kg N·hm^-2 straw returning (N₂S₂) was the most promising mode in the semi-arid area of northwest Liaoning Province.

Key words: soil CO₂ emission, maize straw, nitrogen fertilizer, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, black soil region

武开阔, 张哲, 武志杰, 冯良山, 宫平, 白伟, 冯晨, 张丽莉. 不同秸秆还田量和氮肥配施对玉米田土壤CO₂排放的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3): 664-670.

WU Kai-kuo, ZHANG Zhe, WU Zhi-jie, FENG Liang-shan, GONG Ping, BAI Wei, FENG Chen, ZHANG Li-li. Effects of different amounts of straw return and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil CO₂ emission from maize fields.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(3): 664-670.

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不同秸秆还田量和氮肥配施对玉米田土壤CO₂排放的影响

Effects of different amounts of straw return and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil CO₂ emission from maize fields.

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