基于SIMWE模型的典型水土保持措施侵蚀阻控路径分析——以通双小流域为例

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.016

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 703-710.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.016

• 黑土地保护与农业可持续发展专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

基于SIMWE模型的典型水土保持措施侵蚀阻控路径分析——以通双小流域为例

陈祖明, 王彬^*

北京林业大学水土保持学院重庆三峡库区森林生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2021-07-21 接受日期:2022-01-03 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: wangbin1836@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:陈祖明, 男, 1996年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事水土保持与土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail: 443737598@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0202900)和国家自然科学基金项目(41977060)资助。

Paths of soil erosion controlled by typical soil and water conservation practices based on the SIMWE model: A case study of the Tongshuang watershed.

CHEN Zu-ming, WANG Bin^*

Three-gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2021-07-21 Accepted:2022-01-03 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对东北黑土区长缓坡地形条件下坡面产汇流集中易加剧土壤侵蚀的问题,本研究基于GIS和SIMWE(SIMulated Water Erosion)模型,引入连通性指数和水深空间分布作为水文连通性与径流路径的衡量指标。通过量化不同典型水土保持措施对土壤入渗速率和地表曼宁糙率的影响,构建梯田数字高程模型(DEM)模拟表征地表微地形变化,以水文连通性和径流路径的空间响应为依据,分析不同典型水土保持措施的侵蚀阻控能力。结果表明: 1) 梯田措施能够有效降低坡面水文连通性并阻控径流路径;不同田坎形态下,水文连通性与径流路径的响应存在明显差异,径流路径的变化将改变坡面侵蚀-沉积空间分布特征,并导致局部侵蚀加剧;2) 植物缓冲带与等高耕作等措施对坡面径流路径的阻控作用有限,植物缓冲带措施的水土保持效益更多体现在对泥沙输移的调控上;3) 保护性耕作措施通过增大地表粗糙度,降低坡面水文连通性,从而改善坡面滞蓄径流的能力。本研究通过量化不同水土保持措施对水文连通性、径流路径及侵蚀-沉积空间分布的影响,可为黑土区水土保持措施优化配置提供理论参考。

关键词: 水土保持措施, 径流路径, 水文连通性, 侵蚀阻控, 东北黑土区

Abstract: Due to the basic topographical characteristics of the gentle and long slope lengths in the Mollisol region of Northeast China, severe soil erosion is easily aggravated by the concentration of surface flow. The spatial distribution of water depth and hydrological connectivity index were introduced to evaluate the effects of typical soil and water conservation practices on the overland flow path and hydrological connectivity based on the GIS and SIMWE (SIMulated Water Erosion) model. We analyzed the effects of different soil and water conservation practices on the hydrological connectivity, water flow path, and spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment yield by quantifying the variations of soil infiltration rate and surface manning roughness, as well as by constructing an artificial terrain digital elevation model (DEM). The results showed that: 1) terraces could effectively affect the hydrological connectivity of the slope and regulate flow path, with significant differences between the responses of hydrological connectivity and flow path under different forms of terraced fields and ridges. The characteristics of spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment yield varied with changes in water flow path, which would eventually lead to the intensification of local erosion; 2) practices of vegetated buffer strips and contour tillage presented limited effectiveness on runoff path controlling, though they played a significant role in sediment retention; and 3) conservation tillage could reduce the hydrological connectivity and improve the retention capacity of runoff by increasing surface roughness. This study quantified the effects of different soil and water conservation practices on the hydrological connectivity, flow path, and spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment yield, and could provide a theoretical reference for scientific layout of soil and water conservation practices in black soil region.

Key words: soil and water conservation practice, flow path, hydrological connectivity, paths of soil erosion control, black soil region of Northeast China

陈祖明, 王彬. 基于SIMWE模型的典型水土保持措施侵蚀阻控路径分析——以通双小流域为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3): 703-710.

CHEN Zu-ming, WANG Bin. Paths of soil erosion controlled by typical soil and water conservation practices based on the SIMWE model: A case study of the Tongshuang watershed.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(3): 703-710.

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基于SIMWE模型的典型水土保持措施侵蚀阻控路径分析——以通双小流域为例

Paths of soil erosion controlled by typical soil and water conservation practices based on the SIMWE model: A case study of the Tongshuang watershed.

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