秸秆还田和秋施肥对旱地玉米生长发育及水肥效应的影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (7): 1231-1235.

秸秆还田和秋施肥对旱地玉米生长发育及水肥效应的影响

周怀平¹, 杨治平¹, 李红梅², 关春林¹

1. 山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室, 太原 030031;
2. 山西省农业科学院农产品综合利用研究所, 太原 030031

收稿日期:2003-06-16 修回日期:2003-11-27 出版日期:2004-07-15
通讯作者: 周怀平,男,1964年生,副研究员,主要从事旱地农田土壤水肥等资源可持续利用研究,发表论文16篇.E-mail:hpzhou@public.ty.sx.cn
基金资助:
国家科技攻关项目(850070104、960040402和2001BA508B09);国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2002AA2Z431107)

Effect of straw return to field and fertilization in autumn on dryland corn growth and on water and fertilizer efficiency

ZHOU Huaiping¹, YANG Zhiping¹, LI Hongmei², GUAN Chunlin¹

1. Institute of Soil & Fertiliser, The Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources;
2. Institute of Farm Product Comprehensive Utilization, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031

Received:2003-06-16 Revised:2003-11-27 Online:2004-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在我国北方半湿润偏旱区的晋东豫西(寿阳)旱农试验区,持续10年进行了多种方式秸秆还田与秋季深施肥配合定位试验,探讨秸秆还田秋施肥对旱地玉米生长发育、产量、土壤水肥高效利用和土壤肥力变化的影响.结果表明,秸秆还田秋施肥较好地解决了深施肥与春季保墒捉全苗的矛盾,以及秸秆腐解与幼苗争夺水分养分而影响玉米幼苗生长的矛盾,秸秆资源丰富的区域优势得以充分利用,土壤微生物活动更为活跃,土壤水肥状况得到明显改善,表现为玉米苗全苗壮,根系发达,植株叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率提高,水分利用效率年平均提高了3.26～4.51 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1,生育期耗水量累计减少8.1～264.5 mm,氮、磷肥利用率分别提高了3.9%～13.9%和3.0%～9.1%,水肥资源得到了高效利用,10年累计增加12.10～17.27 t·hm^-2玉米籽粒,增产幅度达25.6%～36.5%,玉米产量年际间波动减小,同时维持了较高的土壤肥力和生产力.

关键词: 秸秆还田, 秋施肥, 水肥效应, 旱地玉米

Abstract: A ten years location experiment of various kinds straw return to field and deep fertilization in autumn was conducted in Shouyang dryland experimental area of Shanxi Province to study their effect on the growth and yield of dryland corn,the use efficency of soil water and fertilizer,and the changes of soil fertility.The results showed that this kind of experimental method could better solve the contradiction of deep fertilization with maintaining soil moisture and keeping a full stand of seedlings in spring,and the competition of water and fertilizer between the degradation of crop remains and the seedlings.What is more,the abundant resources of crop remains were used more sufficiently,the activity of soil microorganisms was more active,and soil fertility was obviously improved,which was proved by the complete and strong seedlings and developed roots,the photosynthesis and transpiration rates were enhanced,the water use efficiency(WUE)was increased by 3.26～3.51 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1,and the accumulated water consumption was decreased by 8.1～264.5 mm.During plant growth period,the utilization rate of fertilizer N and P could increase 3.9%～13.9% and 3.0%～9.1%,respectively,and the use efficiency of water and fertilizer was higher.The ten years accumulated yield increased 12.10～17.27 t·hm^-2,a rise of 25.6%～36.5%,and in the meantime,higher soil fertility and productivity were maintained.

Key words: Deep fertilization in autumn, Straw return to field, Efficiency of water and fertilizer, Dryland corn

中图分类号:

周怀平, 杨治平, 李红梅, 关春林. 秸秆还田和秋施肥对旱地玉米生长发育及水肥效应的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (7): 1231-1235.

ZHOU Huaiping, YANG Zhiping, LI Hongmei, GUAN Chunlin. Effect of straw return to field and fertilization in autumn on dryland corn growth and on water and fertilizer efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (7): 1231-1235.

参考文献

[1] Cheng S-Y(程素云).1987.Accumulation and decomposition of organic matter in Loutu soil.Acta Univ Septentrionali Occidentali Agric(西北农业大学学报),15(2):62～68(in Chinese)
[2] Gao D-M(高德明),Mei X-R(梅旭荣),Lu J-F(陆建飞),et al.1999.Study on comprehensive utilization model of crop stalk resources in dry land area of eastern Shanxi Province.J Natur Res(自然资源学报),14(3):258～264(in Chinese)
[3] Huang Z-B(黄占斌),Shan L(山仑).2000.Study on technolongy line and approaches of dryland farming construction in China.Chin J Agric Res Arid Area(干旱地区农业研究),18(2):1～6(in Chinese)
[4] Liu E-C(刘恩才),Chen Y-X(陈永祥),Xiao Z-Y(肖祖荫),et al.1998.The yield-increasing effect of turning over corn stubble and stalk into soil.Chin J Soil Sci(土壤通报),29(1):11～13(in Chinese)
[5] Lü J-L(吕家珑),Zhang Y-P(张一平),Wang X-D(王旭东),et al.2001.Effect of longterm single application of chemical fartilizer on soil properties and crop yield.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),12(4):569～572(in Chinese)
[6] Shi Y(石岩),Wei D-B(位东斌),Yu Z-W(于振文),et al.2001.Influence of fertilization depth on root system senescence of upland wheat after anthesis.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),12(4):573～575(in Chinese)
[7] Song R(宋日),Wu C-S(吴春胜),Mu J-M(牟金明),et al.2002.Effects of maize stubble remaining in field on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil enzyme activities.Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报),13(3):303～306(in Chinese)
[8] National Agro-Technical Extension and Service Center,MOA(全国农业技术推广服务中心).1999.The Resource of Organic Fertilizer in China.Beijing:China Agricultural Ptess.121～139(in Chinese)
[9] WangH-Q(王鹤桥),Xiu Q-R(宿庆瑞),et al.1992.Effect of demolishing root stubble cultivation on high and sustainable corn yeild.Corn Sci(玉米科学),(1):30～31(in Chirnese)
[10] Wu Z-J(武志杰),Zhang H-J(张海军),Xu G-S(许广山),et al.2002.Effect of returning corn straw intp soil on soil fertility.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(5):539～542(in Chinese)
[11] Zhang L(张璐),Shen S-M(沈善敏),Yu W-T(宇万太),et al.2002.Along-term field trial on fertilization and on use of recycled nutrients in farming systems Ⅳ.Soil fertility changes.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(11):1413～1416(in Chinese)
[12] Zhou H-P(周怀平),Li H-M(李红梅),Yang Z-P(杨治平),et al.1999.Study on the technique of balanced fertilizer with water efficient application on dryland corn.Trans Soc Chin Agric Engin(农业工程学报),15(1):129～134(in Chinese)

[1]	苗贺, 袁磊, 杨淼茵, 胡艳宇, 陈欣, 何红波, 张旭东, 解宏图, 鲁彩艳. 基于¹⁵N示踪的东北黑土地保护性耕作农田减氮增产调控机制 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 876-882.
[2]	高燕, 梁爱珍, 黄丹丹, 张延, 张旸, 王阳, 张士秀, 陈学文. 长期免耕对黑土氮磷硫循环微生物功能潜力的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 913-920.
[3]	裴亚楠, 吕卫光, 郭涛, 白娜玲, 李双喜, 张娟琴, 张海韵, 张翰林. 秸秆还田配施促腐菌剂对土壤团聚体及其养分的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(12): 3357-3363.
[4]	李瑞平, 罗洋, 隋鹏祥, 郑洪兵, 明博, 李少昆, 王浩, 郑金玉. 玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑土耕层温度影响的短期效应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(10): 2693-2702.
[5]	马铭婧, 郗凤明, 尹岩, 邴龙飞, 王娇月, 张文凤, 牛乐. 碳中和视角下秸秆处置方式对碳源汇的贡献 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(5): 1331-1339.
[6]	李琳, 向丹, 武亚芬, 黄玉丹, 李欢, 张小梅, 梁斌. 长期不同施肥方式对日光温室番茄土壤养分和微生物群落结构的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(2): 415-422.
[7]	董姝含, 贺章咪, 王婉琦, 张效琛, 周锋, 何红波, 张旭东, 张威. 土壤有机氮组分的年际变化及其对秸秆还田的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(11): 2963-2970.
[8]	吴晗, 陈晓冰, 姜波, 秦梓城, 刘思佳, 刘俊杰. 秸秆还田对甘蔗地土壤优先流运动特征的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(1): 141-148.
[9]	李新悦, 李冰, 莫太相, 王昌全, 万艺媛, 陈写畅, 李和明. 长期秸秆还田对水稻土团聚体及氮磷钾分配的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(9): 3257-3266.
[10]	李雨诺, 樊媛媛, 曹彬彬, 田霄鸿, 师江澜. 关中平原麦玉轮作体系作物秸秆不同还田模式下土壤有机碳和无机碳库变化特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8): 2703-2712.
[11]	裴志福, 红梅, 兴安, 张月鲜, 温馨, 赵卉鑫, 沈钦国. 秸秆还田条件下盐渍土团聚体中有机碳化学结构特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(12): 4401-4410.
[12]	王青霞, 李美霖, 陈喜靖, 苏瑶, 喻曼, 沈阿林. 秸秆还田下氮肥运筹对水稻各生育期土壤微生物群落结构的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(3): 935-944.
[13]	李波, 包正荣, 姚名泽, 李长信, 孙翔龙. 灌水下限及秸秆还田对温室番茄产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(2): 493-500.
[14]	霍海南, 李杰, 袁磊, 解宏图, 朱同彬, Christoph Müller, 何红波, 张旭东. 秸秆还田量对培肥农田黑土氮素初级转化速率的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(12): 4109-4116.
[15]	刘明, 张爱君, 陈晓光, 靳容, 赵鹏, 蒋薇, 唐忠厚. 秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤肥力及鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(10): 3445-3452.