人工湿地污水处理工艺设计关键及生态学问题

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人工湿地污水处理系统是一种经济高效的污水生态处理技术方式.然而,湿地污水处理技术在性能上仍须有待发展与完善,尤其需要对其处理工艺参数进行不断改进和系统优化.本文针对人工湿地污水处理工程中有关水力停留时间、水传导因素、表面负荷率和工程构筑物设计等技术参数,概括性地剖析、探讨了国内外人工湿地污水处理工艺的设计关键及其主要技术内涵,给出了一些重要的优化模型与最佳数值;与此同时,分析、提出了利用生态学方法克服人工湿地工程运行中所涉及的野生生物管理与蚊蝇控制等问题.

关键词: 人工湿地, 污水处理, 工艺参数, 生态学方法

Abstract: Constructed wetland system for wastewater treatment is an important technological mode of economical and high-effective ecological treatment of wastewater,but it is still necessary to develop and perfect in its performance,and in particular,to make a continuous improvement and systematic optimization in its technical parameters.In this paper,the designing cruxes of constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment at home and abroad were summarily discussed,and the optimal models and most adaptable values for constructed wetland systems were given on the basis of technological parameters such as hydraulic residence time,hydraulic conduction factors,surface loading rate,and engineering-construct design.In the meantime,some ecological methods were recommended to solve the management of wild animals and mosquito problems resulted from the operation of constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment.

Key words: Constructed wetland, Wastewater treatment, Technical parameter, Ecological method

中图分类号:

X703

华涛, 周启星, 贾宏宇. 人工湿地污水处理工艺设计关键及生态学问题[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (7): 1289-1293.

HUA Tao, ZHOU Qixing, JIA Hongyu. Designing cruxes and ecological issues of constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (7): 1289-1293.

参考文献

[1] Bounds HC, Collins J, Liu Z, et al. 1998. Effects of length-width ratio and stress on rock-plant filter operation. Small Flow J, 4 (1):4～14
[2] Chalk E and Wheale G. 1989. The root-zone process at Holtby Sewage Treatment Works. J IWEM, 3: 201 ～ 207
[3] ChenG-X(陈国喜),Zhou Q-X(周启星).2000.Engineering design and research of constant level plug flow BSBR.J Basic Sci Eng (应用基础与工程科学学报),8(3):273 277(in Chinese)
[4] Crites R and Tchobanoglous G. 1998. Small and decentralized wastewater management systems. San Francisco, Ca: McGraw-Hill.
[5] Eastlick K. 2002. An Introduction to Wetlands Wastewater Treatment and Potential Western Canadian Applications. Reid Crowther & Partners Ltd.
[6] Gearheart RA. 1993. Phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands. Presented at the 66th WEF Conference and Exposition, Anaheim,Ca.
[7] Gearheart RA, Finney BA, Lang M, et al. 1998. A comparison of system planning, design and sizing methodologies for free water surface constructed wetlands. 6th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control.
[8] Gersberg RM. 1986. Role of aquatic plants in wastewater treatment by artificial wetlands. Water Res, 20(3): 363
[9] Green MB and Upton J. 1994. Constructed reed beds: A cost-effective way to polish astewater effluents for small communities. Water Environ Res, 66(3): 188
[10] Guo M-X(郭明新). 1996. A study on elimination pattern of nitrogen in wastewater in land treatment system(FWCS)of Tianjin city.Environ Chem (环境化学), 15(6) :516～522(in Chinese)
[11] Ji G-D(籍国东),Sun T-H(孙铁珩),Chang S-J(常士俊), et al.2001. Studies on subsurface flow wetland treatment system for special thick oil production waste water from Liaohe oilfield. China Environ Sci(中国环境科学), 21(1) :85～88(in Chinese)
[12] Ji G-D(籍国东), Sui X(隋欣), Sun T-H(孙铁珩), et al. 2001.Feasibility study on drilling mud treatment with the confining reed wetland system. Acta Sci Circums (环境科学学报), 21 (4): 426 ～430( in Chinese)
[13] Kadlec RH, and Knight RL. 1996. Treatment Wetlands. Boca Rston, FL: Lewis-CRC Press.
[14] Liang J-D(梁继东), Zhou Q-X(周启星), Sun T-H(孙铁珩).2003. A research review and technical improvement analysis of constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment. Chin J Ecol (生态学杂志), 22(2) :49～ 55(in Chinese)
[15] Netter R. 1990. Hydraulic investigations on planted soil filters. In:Cooper PF and Findlatereds BC eds. Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press. 11 ～ 20.
[16] Office of Wastewater Management. 1999. Free water surface wetlands for wastewater treatment:A technology assessment. Washington, DC, EPA/832/R-99/002
[17] Reed SC, Crites R and Middlebrooks EJ. 1995, Natural systems for waste management and treatment. San Francisco, Ca: McGrawHill.
[18] Sun T-H, Zhou Q-X, Li P-J. 2000. An innovative land treatment system for urban wastewater and practice in China. In: Local Government and Water Session. The Second World Water Form, The Hauge. 8 ～ 22
[19] Sun T-H(孙铁珩), Zhou Q-X(周启星), Li p-J(李培军).2001.Pollution Ecology. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
[20] Sun T-H(孙铁珩), Zhou Q-X(周启星). 2002. Wastewater ecotreatmnent technological system and its developing trends. World Technol Res Dev(世界科技研究与发展), 24(4): 1 ～ 5 (in Chinese)
[21] Tanner CC and Sukias JP. 1995. Accumulation of organic solids in gravel-bed constructed wetlands. Water Sci Technol, 32(3):229～239
[22] Tousignant E, Eng P. 2003. Guidance manual for the design, construction and operations of constructed wetland for rural applications in Ontario. Ontario: Stantec Consulting Ltd.
[23] USEPA. 1993. Subsurface flow constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, A technology assessment. EPA 832 ～ R-93 ～ 008.
[24] USEPA. 1999. FWS wetlands for wastewater treatment: A Technology Assessment. EPA 832/R-99/002. Office of Water, Washington, DC.
[25] Wang J-X (王久贤). 1997. Hydraulics calculations on Bainikeng constructed wetland. Guangdong Hydraulic and Hydroelectric ( 广东水利水电), (6) :50～52(in Chinese)
[26] Water Pollution Control Federation(WPCF). 1990. Manual of practice: natural systems for wastewater treatment. Manual of Practice FD-16,Chapter 13 :Wetland Systems, Alexandria, VA.
[27] Wang R-S(王如松),Zhou Q-X(周启星), Hu D(胡耽).2000.Regulate and Control Method of Urban Ecology. Beijing: Meteorology Press. (in Chinese)
[28] WangW(王薇),YuY(俞燕),WangS-H(王世和).2001.Process and design of waste water treatment by constructed wetland. Urban Environ Urban Ecol (城市环境与城市生态), 14(1):59～ 62(in Chinese)
[29] Weil Kollaard CW and Tousignant E. 1994. Artificial wetland report: dignard farm -Embrun, Ontario. Design report. Alfred College, Alfred, Ontario.
[30] Zhou Q-X(周启星). 1997.Ecology about wetland resource protection and rational utilization. In: Research and Sustainable Development of Eco-environment. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press. 15 ～ 20 (in Chinese )
[31] Zhou Q-X. 2000. Application of biotechniques to water purification:Principles and methods. In: Goosen FA and Shayya WH. eds. Water Management, Purification, and Conservation in Arid Climates. Lancaster:Technomic Publishing Co., INC. 31～44
[32] Zhou Q-X(周启星). 2002. New cognition and solution of water resource crisis in Liaoning province based on the 2nd world water forum. Chin J Ecol (生态学杂志), 21(2) :36～39(in Chinese)
[33] Zhou Q-X(周启星), Huang G-H(黄国宏). 2001. Environmental eco-geochemistry and global environmental changes. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
[34] Zhou Q-X(周启星), Sun S-J (孙顺江). 2002. International trends of applied ecology and its future development in China. CAin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 13(7):879～884(in Chinese)
[35] Zhou Q-X(周启星), Sun T-H(孙铁珩). 2000. Current situation of pollution eco-chemistry and its prospects. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 11(5):795～798(in Chinese)
[36] Zhou Q-X(周启星), Wang R-S(王如松). 1997. Ecological risk and background warning value of water pollution from rual urbanization. CAin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 8 (3): 309 ～ 313 ( in Chinese)