Effects of long-term fertilizer management on soil labile organic carbon fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity under a double-cropping rice system of southern China

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202103.023

Abstract

Abstract: Fertilization is an effective way to improve soil quality, increase soil fertility and soil microbial diversity in paddy soil. To explore the changes of soil labile organic carbon (C) fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity after 34 years fertilization treatments in a field experiment in double-cropping rice system of southern China. There were four treatments, including chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice residue and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic matter and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and the control without fertilizer input (CK). We measured soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil labile organic C fractions, SOC related hydrolytic enzyme activity, correlation coefficients of soil enzyme activity with SOC content and its labile organic C fractions. The results showed that MF, RF and OM increased SOC content by 4.5%, 22.4% and 53.5%, respectively. Compared with MF and CK, RF and OM increased soil labile organic C fractions [cumulative C mineralization (Cmin), permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO₄-C), particulate organic C (POC), dissolved organic C (DOC), light fraction organic C (LFOC), microbial biomass C (MBC)] and the proportion of each labile organic C fractions to total organic C. The contents of Cmin, KMnO₄-C, POC, DOC, LFOC and MBC under OM treatment were 3.5, 3.1, 3.7, 1.9, 1.2 and 1.9 times higher than CK treatment, respectively. The proportion of labile organic C fractions to total organic C of RF and OM treatments was significantly higher than that in CK. The order of soil hydrolytic enzyme activity [α-glucosidase (αG), β-glucosidase (βG), β-xylosidase (βX), cellobiohydrolase (GBH), and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG)] was OM>RF>MF>CK. The soil hydrolytic enzyme activity under OM treatment increased by 111.8%, 14.1%, 127.3%, 285.6% and 91.4% compared with CK, respectively. Furthermore, RF and OM treatments were beneficial to soil peroxidase (POD) activity. MF treatment was beneficial to soil polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. There was a significant positive correlation between soil hydrolytic enzyme activity and SOC content and its labile organic C fractions. In conclusion, the combined application of organic manure, rice straw returning and chemical fertilizer is an effective method to improve soil labile organic C fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity in a double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China.

Key words: rice, fertilization regime, organic carbon, labile organic carbon, soil hydrolytic enzyme

SHI Li-hong, LI Chao, TANG Hai-ming, CHENG Kai-kai, LI Wei-yan, WEN Li, XIAO Xiao-ping. Effects of long-term fertilizer management on soil labile organic carbon fractions and hydrolytic enzyme activity under a double-cropping rice system of southern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(3): 921-930.

References 38

[1]	Lal R, Delgado JA, Groffman PM, et al. Management to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 66: 276-285
[2]	Tang HM, Xiao XP, Tang WG, et al. Long-term effects of NPK fertilizers and organic manures on soil organic carbon and carbon management index under a double-cropping rice system in Southern China. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2018, 49: 1976-1989
[3]	Tang HM, Xiao XP, Xu YL, et al. Utilization of carbon sources in the rice rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils with different long-term fertilization management. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2019, 59: 621-631
[4]	Lee JH, Lee JG, Jeong ST, et al. Straw recycling in rice paddy: Trade-off between greenhouse gas emission and soil carbon stock increase. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020, 199: 104598
[5]	Bosatta DA, Argren GI. Theoretical analysis of microbial biomass dynamics in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1994, 26: 143-148
[6]	Benbi DK, Brar K, Toor AS, et al. Soil carbon pools under poplar-based agroforestry, rice-wheat, and maize-wheat cropping systems in semi-arid India. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2011, 92: 107-118
[7]	Sofi JA, Lone AH, Ganie MA, et al. Soil microbiological activity and carbon dynamics in the current climate scenarios: A review. Pedosphere, 2016, 26: 577-591
[8]	徐明岗, 于荣, 孙小凤, 等. 长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12(4): 459-465 [Xu M-G, Yu R, Sun X-F, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on labile organic matter and carbon management index (CMI) of the typical soils of China. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2006, 12(4): 459-465]
[9]	邵兴华, 张建忠, 夏雪琴, 等. 长期施肥对水稻土酶活性及理化特性的影响. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(1): 74-77 [Shao X-H, Zhang J-Z, Xia X-Q, et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on enzyme activities and chemical properties of paddy soils. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2012, 21(1): 74-77]
[10]	谭周进, 冯跃华, 刘芳, 等. 稻作制与有机肥对红壤水稻土微生物及酶活性的影响研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2004, 12(2): 121-123 [Tan Z-J, Feng Y-H, Liu F, et al. Effects of rice-based cropping system and organic manure on microbes and enzyme activities in paddy soils derived from red earth. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2004, 12(2): 121-123]
[11]	Xu M, Lou Y, Sun X, et al. Soil organic carbon active fractions as early indicators for total carbon change under straw incorporation. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2011, 47: 745-752
[12]	Haynes RJ. Labile organic matter fractions as central components of the quality of agricultural soils: An overview. Advances in Agronomy, 2005, 85: 221-268
[13]	Lin Y, Slessarev EW, Yehl ST, et al. Long-term nutrient fertilization increased soil carbon storage in California grasslands. Ecosystems, 2019, 22: 754-766
[14]	Luan HA, Gao W, Huang SW, et al. Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic amendments affects soil organic carbon composition and stability in a greenhouse vegetable production system. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 191: 185-196
[15]	Mandal M, Kamp P, Singh M. Effect of long term manuring on carbon sequestration potential and dynamics of soil organic carbon labile pool under tropical rice-rice agro-ecosystem. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2020, 51: 468-480
[16]	陈洁. 长期施肥对稻麦轮作土壤碳组分及微生物特征的影响. 硕士论文. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2019 [Chen J. Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Soil Carbon Fractions and Microbial Characteristics in Rice-wheat Rotation System. Master Thesis. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2019]
[17]	徐一兰, 唐海明, 肖小平, 等. 长期施肥对双季稻田土壤微生物学特性的影响. 生态学报, 2016, 36(18): 5847-5855 [Xu Y-L, Tang H-M, Xiao X-P, et al. Effects of different long-term fertilization regimes on the soil microbiological properties of a paddy field. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(18): 5847-5855]
[18]	唐海明, 肖小平, 李超, 等. 长期施肥对双季稻区水稻植株养分积累与转运的影响. 生态环境学报, 2018, 27(3): 469-477 [Tang H-M, Xiao X-P, Li C, et al. Effects of different long-term fertilization managements on nutrition accumulation and translocation of rice plant in double cropping paddy field. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 27(3): 469-477]
[19]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000: 25-108 [Bao S-D. Soil and Agrochemistry Analy-sis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000: 25-108]
[20]	Blair GJ, Lefroy RDB, Lisle L. Soil carbon fractions, based on their degree of oxidation and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1995, 46: 1459-1466
[21]	German DP, Weintraub MN, Grandy AS, et al. Optimization of hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme methods for ecosystem studies. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011, 43: 1387-1397
[22]	Yang XY, Ren WD, Sun BH, et al. Effects of contrasting soil management regimes on total and labile soil organic carbon fractions in a loess soil in China. Geoderma, 2012, 177-178: 49-56
[23]	Lou YL, Wang JK, Liang WJ. Impacts of 22-year organic and inorganic N managements on soil organic C fractions in a maize field, northeast China. Catena, 2011, 87: 386-390
[24]	Fan JL, Ding WX, Xiang J, et al. Carbon sequestration in an intensively cultivated sandy loam soil in the North China Plain as affected by compost and inorganic fertilizer application. Geoderma, 2014, 230-231: 22-28
[25]	Nazia R, Liang F, Huang S, et al. Long-term fertilization altered labile soil organic carbon fractions in upland soil of China. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2019, 29: 1383-1389
[26]	Whalen JK, Gul S, Poirier V, et al. Transforming plant carbon into soil carbon: Process-level controls on carbon sequestration. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2014, 94: 1065-1073
[27]	郭志明, 张心昱, 李丹丹, 等. 温带森林不同海拔土壤有机碳及相关胞外酶活性特征. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(9): 2888-2896 [Guo Z-M, Zhang X-Y, Li D-D, et al. Characteristics of soil organic carbon and related exo-enzyme activities at different altitudes in temperate forests. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(9): 2888-2896]
[28]	Bicharanloo B, Shirvan MB, Keitel C, et al. Rhizodeposition mediates the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous availability on microbial carbon use efficiency and turnover rate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020, 142: 107705
[29]	Jiang HM, Jiang JP, Jia Y, et al. Soil carbon pool and effects of soil fertility in seeded alfalfa fields on the semi-arid Loess Plateau in China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006, 38: 2350-2358
[30]	Zsolnay A, Görlitz H. Water extractable organic matter in arable soils: Effects of drought and long-term fertilization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1994, 26: 1257-1261
[31]	Ouedraogo RA, Chartin C, Kambire FC, et al. Short and long-term impact of urban gardening on soil organic carbon fractions in Lixisols (Burkina Faso). Geoderma, 2020, 362: 114110
[32]	Gosling P, Parsons N, Bending GD. What are the primary factors controlling the light fraction and particulate soil organic matter content of agricultural soils? Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2013, 49: 1001-1014
[33]	Waldrop MP, Zak DR, Sinsabaugh RL. Microbial community response to nitrogen deposition in northern forest ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004, 36: 1443-1451
[34]	Zhang XY, Dong WY, Dai XQ, et al. Responses of absolute and specific soil enzyme activities to long term additions of organic and mineral fertilizer. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 536: 59-67
[35]	Bowles TM, Acosta-Martínez V, Calderón F, et al. Soil enzyme activities, microbial communities, and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape. Soil Bio-logy and Biochemistry, 2014, 68: 252-262
[36]	Xiao Y, Huang ZG, Lu XG. Changes of soil labile organic carbon fractions and their relation to soil microbial characteristics in four typical wetlands of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Ecological Engineering, 2015, 82: 381-389
[37]	Sinsabaugh RL. Phenol oxidase, peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2010, 42: 391-404
[38]	Tian L, Shi W. Soil perosidase regulates organic matter decomposition through imporving the acessibility of reducing sugars and amino acids. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2014, 50: 785-794