Effects of row spacing and sowing rate on vertical distribution of photosynthetically active radiation, biomass, and grain yield in winter wheat canopy.

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.026

Abstract

Abstract: To clarify the effects of row spacing and sowing rate on the vertical distribution of canopy PAR, biomass, and grain yield in winter wheat, a field experiment was conducted without increa-sing water and fertilizer input. There were two row spacing modes, R₁(equal spacing, 20 cm+20 cm) and R₂(wide and narrow row spacing, 12 cm+12 cm+12 cm+24 cm), and three sowing rates, D₁ (low, 120 kg·hm^-2), D₂(medium, 157.5 kg·hm^-2), D₃(high, 195 kg·hm^-2). The canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception and utilization rate in different heights, population photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and grain yield were measured during the main growth stages of winter wheat. The results showed that both total PAR interception and upper layer PAR interception of winter wheat canopy under R₁ treatment were significantly higher than those in R₂ treatment, but those of the middle layer and lower layer were higher in R₂ than in R₁, and with significant difference in the middle layer. From flowering to maturity, the photosynthetic potential (LAD), population photosynthetic rate (CAP), PAR conversion rate, and utilization rate in R₂ were all significantly higher than those in R₁ under the same sowing rate, with the highest value under R₂D₂ treatment. With the increasing sowing rate, the population biomass (BA) and leaf biomass (BL) at different layers increased, but the individual biomass (BP) showed an opposite trend. Under the same sowing rate, BA, BL and BP in R₂ were higher than that in R₁ after the flowering stage. Among them, BA and BP had significant difference in row spacing treatments at the maturity stage, with significant difference between the two row spacing treatments being observed in BL of the middle and lower layers under D₂ and D₃ sowing rates. The spike number, grain number per spike, 1000-kernel weight, and grain yield of winter wheat among different treatments were the highest in R₂D₃, R₂D₁, R₂D₁, and R₂D₂, respectively. The 1000-kernel weight, grain number per spike and grain yield in R₂ treatment were significantly higher than R₁. In summary, the PAR interception in the middle and lower layers of winter wheat canopy was improved by changing row spacing, with positive consequence on the photosynthetic capacity of individual plant and population, PAR utilization and transformation efficiency, which finally increased biomass and grain yield. Therefore, optimizing the field structure and shaping the ideal population photosynthetic structure should pay more attention during the high-yield cultivation of winter wheat. Making full use of light resources per unit land area and excavating the photosynthetic production potential of crops were also critical to achieve high yield and efficiency. In this experiment, the population photosynthetic capacity, photosynthetic effective radiation utilization rate, and yield were the highest under the treatment of R₂D₂.

Key words: winter wheat, row spacing, PAR, vertical distribution, light energy utilization, biomass, yield

XIONG Shu-ping, CAO Wen-bo, ZHANG Zhi-yong, ZHANG Jie, GAO Ming, FAN Ze-hua, SHEN Shuai-jie, WANG Xiao-chun, MA Xin-ming. Effects of row spacing and sowing rate on vertical distribution of photosynthetically active radiation, biomass, and grain yield in winter wheat canopy.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(4): 1298-1306.

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