轮牧时间对荒漠草原土壤种子库特性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.022

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 2378-2388.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.022

轮牧时间对荒漠草原土壤种子库特性的影响

刘进娣¹, 马红彬^1,2*, 周瑶¹, 马菁¹, 沈艳^1,2, 李建平^1,2, 崔鸿娇¹, 彭文栋³

¹宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021;
²宁夏大学宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心, 银川 750021;
³宁夏盐池县科技局农牧科学研究所, 银川 751500

收稿日期:2020-12-25 修回日期:2021-03-09 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2022-01-15
通讯作者: *ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘进娣,女,1996年生,硕士研究生。主要从事草地生态与资源环境研究。E-mail:1301686613@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32060406)、宁夏科技创新领军人才培养项目(KJT2018003)和宁夏重点研发计划对外科技合作项目(2018BFH03009)

Effects of rotation grazing time on the characteristics of soil seed bank in desert steppe

LIU Jin-di¹, MA Hong-bin^1,2*, ZHOU Yao¹, MA Jing¹, SHEN Yan^1,2, LI Jian-ping^1,2, CUI Hong-jiao¹, PENG Wen-dong³

¹College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
²Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
³Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Science and Technology Bureau of Yanchi County, Ningxia 751500, China

Received:2020-12-25 Revised:2021-03-09 Online:2021-07-15 Published:2022-01-15
Contact: *ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32060406),the Ningxia Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Training Project (KJT2018003) ,and the Ningxia Key R&D Program for Foreign Science and Technology Cooperation(2018BFH03009).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探讨季节性放牧下土壤种子库的特性对荒漠草原合理利用具有重要作用。以宁夏荒漠草原为对象,通过封育(FY)、传统时间轮牧(FG)、延迟开始轮牧(YG)、提前结束轮牧(TG)、延迟开始并提前结束轮牧(YT)和自由放牧(ZY)处理,研究了0～5、5～10、10～15 cm土层土壤种子库物种组成、种子库密度、垂直分布、多样性及其与地上植被的关系,探讨了种子库与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明: 研究区土壤种子库物种组成共有9个科21个种。土壤种子库物种组成以TG种子库种类最多,达13种,而FY和ZY土壤种子库种类最少,各8种。ZY土壤种子库密度显著高于FY、YG、TG、YT;FY的土壤种子库中多年生植物种子数量最多,达32.0%;ZY种子库中多年生植物种子数最少,仅为12.4%,主要以有性繁殖的一年生杂类草种子为主;土壤种子库主要集中于0～5 cm表层土壤,随着土层深度的增加,土壤种子库大小降低。土壤种子库的优势度和多样性均以FY最高,优势度、多样性和均匀度均以ZY最低。土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性总体较低,相比之下FG及ZY种子库与地上植被相似性较高,FY最低。土壤水分、有机质、全氮、全磷、土壤容重是影响土壤种子库的主要土壤因子。与传统全年自由放牧相比,季节性四区轮牧能使荒漠草原土壤种子库多年生植物种类、密度以及种子库物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度增加,虽作用不及长期封育草地,但对荒漠草原的利用与保护具有重要意义。

关键词: 轮牧时间, 土壤种子库, 荒漠草原, 季节性轮牧

Abstract: Exploring the characteristics of soil seed bank under seasonal grazing plays an important role in the reasonable use of desert steppe. We examined seed bank species composition, density, vertical distribution, diversity in the soil of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 cm soil layers and the relationship with vegetation and soil environmental factors in Ningxia desert steppe. The treatments included enclosure (FY), traditional time rotation grazing (FG), delayed to start rotation grazing (YG), early to end rotation grazing (TG), delayed to start and early to end rotation grazing (YT) and free grazing (ZY). The results showed that there were nine families and 21 species in the soil seed bank in the study area. The species composition of soil seed bank in TG seed bank with 13 species was the largest, while FY and ZY soil seed banks had the least, with 8 species, respectively. The den-sity of ZY soil seed bank was significantly higher than that of FY, YG, TG and YT. The number of perennial species seeds in the soil seed bank of FY was the largest, reaching 32.0%, while that in the ZY was the least, only 12.4%, mainly with sexually reproduced annual weeds. Soil seed bank was mainly concentrated in the 0-5 cm surface layer. With increasing soil depth, the size of soil seed bank decreased. The dominance and diversity of soil seed bank were the highest in FY, while the dominance, diversity and uniformity were the lowest in ZY. The similarity between soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation was generally low. In contrast, the FG and ZY seed banks had higher similarity with vegetation, and the FY was the lowest. Soil moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus concentration, and soil bulk density were the main soil factors affecting soil seed bank. Compared with traditional whole year free grazing, seasonal four-zone rotation grazing could increase species richness and abundance of perennial plants in soil seed bank of desert steppe, as well as the total species richness, diversity and uniformity of the seed bank. Although the effect sof seasonal four-zone rotation grazing on seed bank was not as good as the long-term enclosure grassland, it was of great significance to the utilization and protection of desert steppe.

Key words: rotation grazing time, soil seed bank, desert steppe, seasonal rotation grazing

刘进娣, 马红彬, 周瑶, 马菁, 沈艳, 李建平, 崔鸿娇, 彭文栋. 轮牧时间对荒漠草原土壤种子库特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(7): 2378-2388.

LIU Jin-di, MA Hong-bin, ZHOU Yao, MA Jing, SHEN Yan, LI Jian-ping, CUI Hong-jiao, PENG Wen-dong. Effects of rotation grazing time on the characteristics of soil seed bank in desert steppe[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(7): 2378-2388.

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轮牧时间对荒漠草原土壤种子库特性的影响

Effects of rotation grazing time on the characteristics of soil seed bank in desert steppe

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