生物炭配施硝化/脲酶抑制剂对亚热带水稻土活性氮气体排放的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202204.017

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 1027-1036.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202204.017

生物炭配施硝化/脲酶抑制剂对亚热带水稻土活性氮气体排放的影响

黄佳佳^1,2,3, 何莉莉^2,3, 刘玉学^2,3, 吕豪豪^2,3, 汪玉瑛^2,3, 陈照明^2,3, 陈金媛¹, 杨生茂^2,3*

¹浙江工业大学环境学院, 杭州 310014;
²浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所, 杭州 310021;
³浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 杭州 310021

收稿日期:2021-08-19 接受日期:2022-02-17 出版日期:2022-04-15 发布日期:2022-10-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: yangshengmao@263.net
作者简介:黄佳佳, 女, 1993年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事农田活性氮气体排放研究。E-mail: 1960528782@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY21D010003,LQ19C150005)、浙江省重点研发计划项目(2019C02017)和国家自然科学基金项目(41807088)资助。

Effects of biochar combined with nitrification/urease inhibitors on soil active nitrogen emissions from subtropical paddy soils

HUANG Jia-jia^1,2,3, HE Li-li^2,3, LIU Yu-xue^2,3, LYU Hao-hao^2,3, WANG Yu-ying^2,3, CHEN Zhao-ming^2,3, CHEN Jin-yuan¹, YANG Sheng-mao^2,3*

¹College of Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
²Institute of Environment, Resources, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
³Zhejiang Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2021-08-19 Accepted:2022-02-17 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-10-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究施用生物炭和脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂对亚热带水稻土氮素硝化过程的调控作用、氨挥发和N₂O排放的温室效应潜能的影响,确定生物炭与硝化和脲酶抑制剂的最佳组合,可为削减施用氮肥带来的活性氮气体排放对环境的负面风险提供理论依据。本研究采用室内好气培养试验方式,以单施尿素(N)为对照,设置7个试验处理[尿素+生物炭(NB),尿素+硝化抑制剂(N+NI),尿素+脲酶抑制剂(N+UI),尿素+硝化抑制剂+脲酶抑制剂(N+NIUI),尿素+硝化抑制剂+生物炭(NB+NI),尿素+脲酶抑制剂+生物炭(NB+UI),尿素+硝化抑制剂+脲酶抑制剂+生物炭(NB+NIUI)],观测生物炭与脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)/硝化抑制剂(DMPP)配施下土壤无机氮含量、N₂O排放及氨挥发的变化动态。结果表明: 1)培养期间,与N处理(5.11 mg N·kg^-1·d^-1)相比,NB处理的土壤硝化速率常数显著增加33.9%,N+NI处理显著降低22.9%;NB处理显著提高了氨氧化细菌(AOB)丰度,增幅达56.0%。2)与N处理相比,N+NI和NB+NI处理的NH₃累积排放量均显著增加约49%;N+UI处理降低了NH₃累积损失量,NB+UI处理抑制效果更明显。3)各处理的N₂O排放速率高峰均出现在施肥后前10 d;NB处理的N₂O排放高峰出现最早,N处理排放速率最高(5.87 μg·kg^-1·h^-1);硝化抑制剂与脲酶抑制剂配施减少土壤N₂O排放的效果最佳。综合计算各处理直接N₂O和间接N₂O(NH₃)排放产生的温室效应潜能(GWP)发现,N+NI和NB+NI处理较N处理分别增加了34.8%和40.9%,而NB和NB+UI处理的GWP显著降低了45.9%和60.5%。因此,生物炭与脲酶抑制剂配施对降低土壤活性氮气体排放所产生的温室效应潜能效果最佳。

关键词: 生物炭, 氮肥增效剂, 气态氮损失, 温室效应潜能

Abstract: We examined the effects of biochar and urease inhibitors/nitrification inhibitors on nitrification process, ammonia and N₂O emission in subtropical soil, and determined the best combination of biochar with nitrification and urease inhibitors. This work could provide a theoretical basis for the mitigation of the negative environmental risk caused by reactive nitrogen gas in the application of nitrogen fertilizer. A indoor aerobic culture test was conducted with seven treatments [urea+biochar (NB), urea+nitrification inhibitor (N+NI), urea+urease inhibitor (N+UI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+urease inhibitor (N+NIUI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+biochar (NB+NI), urea+urease inhibitor+biochar (NB+UI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+urease inhibitor+biochar (NB+NIUI)] and urea (N) as the control. The dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen content, N₂O emission and the volatility of ammonia volatilization were observed under combined application of biochar with urease inhibitor (NBPT)/nitrification inhibitor (DMPP). The results showed that:1)Compared to the control (5.11 mg N·kg^-1·d^-1) during the incubation period, NB treatment significantly increased therate constant of nitrification by 33.9%, and N+NI treatment significantly reduced the nitrification rate constant by 22.9%. NB treatment significantly increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by 56.0%. 2) Compared with N treatment, N+NI and NB+NI treatments signi-ficantly enhanced the cumulative emission of NH₃ by 49%. The N+UI treatment reduced the cumulative loss of NH₃. The inhibition effect of NB+UI treatment was more significant. 3) The emission rate of N₂O was highest in the first 10 days after fertilization. The N₂O emission under NB treatment was the earliest, and that of N treatment was the highest (5.87 μg·kg^-1·h^-1). The combined application of DMPP and NBPT performed the best in reducing soil N₂O emission. We estimated global warming potential (GWP) of the direct N₂O and indirect N₂O (NH₃) emissions. Compared with N treatments, N+NI and NB+NI treatments increased the GWP by 34.8% and 40.9%, respectively. While the NB and NB+UI treatments significantly reduced the GWP by 45.9% and 60.5%, the combination of biochar and urease inhibitor had the best effect on reduction of GWP of soil active nitrogen emissions.

Key words: biochar, nitrogen fertilizer synergist, gaseous nitrogen loss, global warming potential

黄佳佳, 何莉莉, 刘玉学, 吕豪豪, 汪玉瑛, 陈照明, 陈金媛, 杨生茂. 生物炭配施硝化/脲酶抑制剂对亚热带水稻土活性氮气体排放的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(4): 1027-1036.

HUANG Jia-jia, HE Li-li, LIU Yu-xue, LYU Hao-hao, WANG Yu-ying, CHEN Zhao-ming, CHEN Jin-yuan, YANG Sheng-mao. Effects of biochar combined with nitrification/urease inhibitors on soil active nitrogen emissions from subtropical paddy soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(4): 1027-1036.

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生物炭配施硝化/脲酶抑制剂对亚热带水稻土活性氮气体排放的影响

Effects of biochar combined with nitrification/urease inhibitors on soil active nitrogen emissions from subtropical paddy soils

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