模拟放牧干扰对黄土丘陵区生物结皮坡面土壤水分入渗的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202207.010

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1827-1834.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202207.010

模拟放牧干扰对黄土丘陵区生物结皮坡面土壤水分入渗的影响

谷康民^1,2, 赵允格^2*, 张子辉³, 吉静怡^2,4, 郭雅丽^1,2

¹西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
³运城市农业农村局, 山西运城 044000;
⁴中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2021-11-19 接受日期:2022-04-28 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2023-01-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: zyunge@ms.iswc.ac.cn
作者简介:谷康民, 男, 1993年生, 博士研究生。主要从事生物结皮坡面水文效应和坡面径流模型研究。E-mail: 18335464187@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41830758,41907056,41571268)和中国科学院“西部之光”交叉团队项目-重点实验室合作研究专项(2019)资助。

Effects of simulated grazing disturbance on soil water infiltration of biocrust slope in the hilly Loess Pla-teau, China

GU Kang-min^1,2, ZHAO Yun-ge^2*, ZHANG Zi-hui³, JI Jing-yi^2,4, GUO Ya-li^1,2

¹College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
³Yuncheng Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi, China;
⁴Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2021-11-19 Accepted:2022-04-28 Online:2022-07-15 Published:2023-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水分是黄土高原地区植被恢复的关键影响因子,该区广泛分布的生物结皮显著影响土壤水分入渗。干扰影响生物结皮土壤水分入渗,但目前不同强度的干扰对生物结皮土壤水分入渗的影响仍不明确。本研究以黄土丘陵区吴起县合沟小流域的生物结皮坡面为对象,模拟羊蹄踩踏干扰,研究10%、20%、30%和40%干扰强度(以生物结皮破损度表征)对生物结皮坡面地表覆被的影响,采用线源入流入渗法观测了不同强度干扰后土壤水分入渗特征,通过结构方程模型和相关性分析,探索了干扰对生物结皮坡面土壤水分入渗的影响机制。结果表明:与对照(不干扰)相比,10%干扰强度下藻结皮盖度显著增加33.6%,20%干扰强度对藻结皮盖度无显著影响,30%和40%干扰强度下藻结皮盖度分别显著降低了36.1%和75.0%;40%干扰强度显著增加了枯落物盖度(34.3%),其他处理无显著影响;10%、20%和30%干扰强度下地表粗糙度分别显著降低了22.3%、11.1%和5.6%,40%干扰强度下增加了8.2%;40%干扰强度下初始入渗率显著增加了77.1%,其他干扰强度无显著影响;不同干扰对土壤稳定入渗率和平均入渗率无显著影响。可见,干扰主要通过降低藻结皮盖度,增加枯落物盖度和改变地表粗糙度,进而促进了土壤水分初始入渗。本研究可为黄土高原退耕地生物结皮管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 退耕还林(草)工程, 藻结皮, 地表粗糙度, 入渗参数, 土壤水分条件

Abstract: Water is the key factor for vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau region. Biological soil crust (biocrust), a widely distributed soil surface cover, significantly affects soil infiltration. Disturbance would affect soil water infiltration of biocrust. The effects of different intensities of disturbance on soil water infiltration of biocrust are still unclear. By simulating the trampling disturbance of sheep, we examined the effects of disturbance intensity (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) estimated by the coverage of broken biocrust on the surface cover of biocrust slope in the Hegou catchment of Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province. Soil water infiltration under different intensities were measured by the linear source infiltration method. The influence mechanisms of disturbance on soil water infiltration of biocrust slope were investigated with a structural equation model and correlation analysis. Results showed that compared to that without disturbance, the coverage of cyanobacterial crust was increased by 33.6% at 10% of disturbance intensity, no difference at 20% of disturbance intensity, and decreased by 36.1% and 75.0% at 30% and 40% of disturbance intensities, respectively. Litter coverage was increased by 34.3% under 40% of disturbance intensity, while that of other treatments were not changed. Surface roughness was decreased by 22.3%, 11.1%, and 5.6% at 10%, 20%, and 30% of disturbance intensities, respectively, but increased by 8.2% at the 40% of disturbance intensity. The initial infiltration rate at 40% of disturbance intensity was 77.1% higher than that without disturbance, while other treatments had no significant difference at the initial infiltration rate. Furthermore, distur-bance did not affect the stable and average infiltration rate. Our results confirmed that disturbance mainly promoted the initial infiltration by reducing the coverage of cyanobacterial crust, increasing the coverage of litter, and changing soil roughness. This study would provide scientific basis for the management of biocrust of rehabilitated lands in the Loess Plateau region.

Key words: “grain for green” project, cyanobacterial crust, soil roughness, infiltration parameter, soil water condition

谷康民, 赵允格, 张子辉, 吉静怡, 郭雅丽. 模拟放牧干扰对黄土丘陵区生物结皮坡面土壤水分入渗的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(7): 1827-1834.

GU Kang-min, ZHAO Yun-ge, ZHANG Zi-hui, JI Jing-yi, GUO Ya-li. Effects of simulated grazing disturbance on soil water infiltration of biocrust slope in the hilly Loess Pla-teau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(7): 1827-1834.

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模拟放牧干扰对黄土丘陵区生物结皮坡面土壤水分入渗的影响

Effects of simulated grazing disturbance on soil water infiltration of biocrust slope in the hilly Loess Pla-teau, China

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