科尔沁沙地植被重建对土壤固氮和固碳菌群的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202401.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为掌握风沙土固氮和固碳微生物多样性以及人工植被类型对菌群结构的影响,在科尔沁沙地典型植被重建区选择相同年限的小叶锦鸡儿、差巴嘎蒿、小黄柳、山竹岩黄蓍、小叶杨和樟子松人工固沙林以及毗邻的天然榆树疏林为对象,以nifH和cbbL基因为标记,采用高通量测序技术分别研究了不同固沙植被类型土壤固氮和固碳菌群结构和多样性。结果表明: 植被类型对土壤理化性质、生物活性、固氮及固碳菌的多样性和菌群结构均有显著影响;小黄柳和小叶杨固沙林土壤固氮菌多样性显著高于其他植被;而樟子松和小叶杨固沙林土壤固碳菌多样性最高;斯克尔曼氏菌属、慢生根瘤菌属、固氮螺菌属和广泛固氮氢自养单胞菌属等是风沙土固氮菌群的优势菌属,平均相对优势度分别为22.3%、21.5%、20.8%和17.8%;假诺卡氏菌属、中慢生根瘤菌属、贪铜菌属、慢生根瘤菌属等是固碳菌群的优势菌属,平均相对优势度分别为22.4%、18.5%、10.5%和6.0%。小叶锦鸡儿植被区土壤固氮菌、小黄柳和小叶杨植被区固碳菌的群落结构已基本恢复到天然榆树疏林水平。影响固氮菌群结构的主要土壤因子为有机质、NH₄⁺-N和全磷,而影响固碳菌群的为pH、土壤含水率和速效磷。研究结果可为沙地植被重建生态效益的评估提供科学依据。

关键词: 固沙植被, nifH, cbbL, 植被类型, 植被重建

Abstract: To determine the diversity of nitrogen-fixing and carbon-fixing microbial groups in aeolian sandy soil and the effects of sand-fixation plantation type on the structures of two microbial groups in the Horqin Sandy Land, we selected six representative sand-fixation vegetations with the same age, including Caragana microphylla, Artemisia halodendron, Salix gordejevii, Hedysarum fruticosum, Populus simonii, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica as well as their adjacent natural Ulmus pumila open forest as test objects to investigate the diversities and structures of nifH- and cbbL-carrying microbial communities in soil by high-throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that vegetation type significantly affected soil physical and chemical properties, microbiological activities, diversities and the main compositions of nitrogen-fixing and carbon-fixing microbial communities. The diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing microbial communities under S. gordejevii and P. simonii plantations and that of carbon-fixing microbial communities under P. sylvestris var. mongolica and P. simonii plantations were significantly higher than those of other plantations. Skermanella, Bradyrhizobium, Azospirillum, and Azohydromonas were dominant nitrogen-fixation genera, with the average relative abundance of 22.3%, 21.5%, 20.8%, and 17.8%, respectively. Soil carbon-fixation microbial communities were dominated by Pseudonocardia, Bradyrhizobium, Cupriavidus, and Mesorhizobium, with relative abundance of 22.4%, 18.5%, 10.5%, and 6.0%, respectively. Soil nitrogen-fixing microbial community under C. mirophylla plantation and carbon-fixing communities under S. gordejevii and P. simonii plantations were very close to those of natural U. pumila open forest. Soil organic matter, NH₄⁺-N, and total phosphorus were the direct determining factors for nitrogen-fixing microbial community, while pH, soil moisture, and available phosphorus were main factors influencing carbon-fixing microbial community. These observations potentially provide the scienti-fic foundations for evaluating the ecological benefits of revegetation practice in sandy lands.

Key words: sand-fixation vegetation, nifH, cbbL, vegetation type, revegetation

王子擎, 张颖, 王扬, 崔娅楠, 曹成有. 科尔沁沙地植被重建对土壤固氮和固碳菌群的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(1): 31-40.

WANG Ziqing, ZHANG Ying, WANG Yang, CUI Ya'nan, CAO Chengyou. Effects of revegetation on soil nitrogen-fixation and carbon-fixation microbial communities in the Horqin Sandy Land, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(1): 31-40.

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