凋落物输入对森林土壤有机碳转化与稳定性影响的研究进展

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤有机碳的周转和稳定过程与凋落物输入的性质密切相关。由于凋落物分解的复杂性以及森林土壤的高度异质性,土壤矿物、微生物以及环境因子如何协同调控凋落物输入对土壤有机碳的转化和稳定,还存在较大不确定性。本文综述了以微生物代谢和有机碳转化为核心的“微生物效率-基质调控概念框架”以及最新提出的“微生物碳泵”和“矿物碳泵”理论在森林土壤有机碳转化和稳定中的研究进展,强调了区别于土壤“有机-无机交互”作用的“有机-有机交互”作用在土壤有机碳累积过程中的作用机制,并阐述了如何基于“物质循环”和“能量流动”探索土壤有机碳的转化和稳定过程,以期为森林土壤生态系统固碳研究提供理论支撑。

关键词: 凋落物质量, 凋落物数量, 根系碳源, 土壤碳组分, 植物源碳, 微生物源碳, 微生物碳泵, 矿物碳泵

Abstract: The turnover and stabilization of soil organic carbon are tightly associated with the properties of litter input. Due to the complexity of litter decomposition and the high heterogeneity of forest soils, there are considerable uncertainties about how soil minerals, microorganisms, and environmental factors jointly regulate the transformation and stability of litter-derived soil organic carbon. Here, we present an overview of the “microbial efficiency-matrix stabilization” framework centered on microbial metabolism and organic carbon transformation, as well as the new “microbial carbon pump” and “mineral carbon pump” theories in forest soil organic carbon transformation and stabilization. We specifically highlighted a differential mechanism of “organo-organic interfaces” from the “organo-mineral interfaces” in the effects on soil organic carbon accumulation. We further expounded the transformation processes and stability of soil organic carbon based on the “carbon material cycling” and “energy fluxes”, aiming to provide theoretical support for the research on carbon sequestration in forest soils.

Key words: litter quality, litter quantity, root carbon, soil carbon fractions, litter derived carbon, microbe derived carbon, microbial carbon pump, mineral carbon pump

郭晓伟, 张雨雪, 尤业明, 孙建新. 凋落物输入对森林土壤有机碳转化与稳定性影响的研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(9): 2352-2361.

GUO Xiaowei, ZHANG Yuxue, YOU Yeming, SUN Jianxin. Research advance in the effects of litter input on forest soil organic carbon transformation and stability[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(9): 2352-2361.

参考文献

[1] Pan Y, Birdsey RA, Phillips OL, et al. The structure, distribution, and biomass of the world's forests. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2013, 44: 593-622
[2] 朱建华, 田宇, 李奇, 等. 中国森林生态系统碳汇现状与潜力. 生态学报, 2023, 43(9): 3442-3457
[3] Zhu J, Hu H, Tao S, et al. Carbon stocks and changes of dead organic matter in China's forests. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 151
[4] Sun X, Tang Z, Ryan MG, et al. Changes in soil organic carbon contents and fractionations of forests along a climatic gradient in China. Forest Ecosystems, 2019, 6: 1-12
[5] Huo C, Luo Y, Cheng W. Rhizosphere priming effect: A meta-analysis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2017, 111: 78-84
[6] 洪小敏, 魏强, 李梦娇, 等. 亚热带典型森林地上和地下凋落物输入对土壤新老有机碳动态平衡的影响. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(3): 825-835
[7] 王清奎. 碳输入方式对森林土壤碳库和碳循环的影响研究进展. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(4): 1075-1081
[8] 陈玉平, 吴佳斌, 张曼, 等. 枯落物处理对森林土壤碳氮转化过程影响研究综述. 亚热带资源与环境学报, 2012, 7(2): 84-94
[9] Sokol NW, Kuebbing SE, Karlsen-Ayala E, et al. Evidence for the primacy of living root inputs, not root or shoot litter, in forming soil organic carbon. New Phytologist, 2019, 221: 233-246
[10] 汪景宽, 徐英德, 丁凡, 等. 植物残体向土壤有机质转化过程及其稳定机制的研究进展.土壤学报, 2019, 56(3): 528-540
[11] 马志良, 赵文强. 植物群落向土壤有机碳输入及其对气候变暖的响应研究进展. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(1): 270-281
[12] Prescott CE, Vesterdal L. Decomposition and transformations along the continuum from litter to soil organic matter in forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 498: 119522
[13] 苏卓侠, 苏冰倩, 上官周平. 植物凋落物分解对土壤有机碳稳定性影响的研究进展. 水土保持研究, 2022, 29(2): 406-413
[14] 周正虎, 刘琳, 侯磊. 土壤有机碳的稳定和形成:机制和模型. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(10): 11-22
[15] Sun OJ, Campbell J, Law BE, et al. Dynamics of carbon stocks in soils and detritus across chronosequences of different forest types in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Global Change Biology, 2004, 10: 1470-1481
[16] Cotrufo MF, Wallenstein MD, Boot CM, et al. The microbial efficiency-matrix stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: Do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter? Global Change Biology, 2013, 19: 988-995
[17] Guo X, Luo Z, Sun OJ. Long-term litter type treatments alter soil carbon composition but not microbial carbon utilization in a mixed pine-oak forest. Biogeochemistry, 2021, 152: 327-343
[18] Chang Q, Xu W, Peng B, et al. Dynamic and allocation of recently assimilated carbon in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and birch (Betula platyphylla) in a temperate forest. Biogeochemistry, 2022, 160: 395-407
[19] Li Q, Jia W, Wu J, et al. Changes in soil organic carbon stability in association with microbial carbon use efficiency following 40 years of afforestation. Catena, 2023, 228: 107179
[20] Fitch AA, Lang AK, Whalen ED, et al. Fungal community, not substrate quality, drives soil microbial function in northeastern US temperate forests. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 2020, 3: 569945
[21] Zhang Q, Qin W, Feng J, et al. Whole-soil-profile warming does not change microbial carbon use efficiency in surface and deep soils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120: e2302190120
[22] Tao F, Huang Y, Hungate BA, et al. Microbial carbon use efficiency promotes global soil carbon storage. Nature, 2023, 618: 981-985
[23] Xiao KQ, Zhao Y, Liang C, et al. Introducing the soil mineral carbon pump. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2023, 4: 135-136
[24] Craig ME, Geyer KM, Beidler KV, et al. Fast-decaying plant litter enhances soil carbon in temperate forests but not through microbial physiological traits. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 1229
[25] Malik AA, Puissant J, Buckeridge KM, et al. Land use driven change in soil pH affects microbial carbon cycling processes. Nature Communications, 2018, 9: 3591
[26] Liang C, Amelung W, Lehmann J, et al. Quantitative assessment of microbial necromass contribution to soil organic matter. Global Change Biology, 2019, 25: 3578-3590
[27] Wang B, An S, Liang C, et al. Microbial necromass as the source of soil organic carbon in global ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2021, 162: 108422
[28] Henneron L, Balesdent J, Alvarez G, et al. Bioenergetic control of soil carbon dynamics across depth. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 7676
[29] Zhang Y, Guo X, Chen L, et al. Global pattern of organic carbon pools in forest soils. Global Change Biology, 2024, 30: e17386.
[30] Wang C, Kuzyakov Y. “Energy and enthalpy” for microbial energetics in soil. Global Change Biology, 2024, 30: e17184
[31] You Y, Wang J, Huang X, et al. Relating microbial community structure to functioning in forest soil organic carbon transformation and turnover. Ecology and Evolution, 2014, 4: 633-647
[32] Fan X, Gao D, Zhao C, et al. Improved model simulation of soil carbon cycling by representing the microbially derived organic carbon pool. The ISME Journal, 2021, 15: 2248-2263
[33] Zhang Y, Tang Z, You Y, et al. Differential effects of forest-floor litter and roots on soil organic carbon formation in a temperate oak forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2023, 180: 109017
[34] Sokol NW, Megan MF, Steven JB, et al. The path from root input to mineral-associated soil carbon is dictated by habitat-specific microbial traits and soil moisture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024, 193: 109367
[35] Gunina A, Kuzyakov Y. From energy to (soil organic) matter. Global Change Biology, 2022, 28: 2169-2182
[36] 朱雪峰, 孔维栋, 黄懿梅, 等. 土壤微生物碳泵概念体系2.0. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(1): 102-110
[37] Hemingway JD, Rothman DH, Grant KE, et al. Mineral protection regulates long-term global preservation of natural organic carbon. Nature, 2019, 570: 228-231
[38] Soong JL, Parton WJ, Calderon F, et al. A new conceptual model on the fate and controls of fresh and pyrolized plant litter decomposition. Biogeochemistry, 2015, 124: 27-44
[39] Kramer MG, Sanderman J, Chadwick OA, et al. Long-term carbon storage through retention of dissolved aromatic acids by reactive particles in soil. Global Change Biology, 2012, 18: 2594-2605
[40] Tang Z, Sun X, Luo Z, et al. Effects of temperature, soil substrate, and microbial community on carbon mineralization across three climatically contrasting forest sites. Ecology and Evolution, 2018, 8: 879-891
[41] Kleber M, Eusterhues K, Keiluweit M, et al. Mineral-organic associations: Formation, properties, and relevance in soil environments. Advances in Agronomy, 2015, 130: 1-140
[42] Zhu E, Liu Z, Ma L, et al. Enhanced mineral preservation rather than microbial residue production dictates the accrual of mineral-associated organic carbon along a weathering gradient. Geophysical Research Letters, 2024, 51: e2024GL108466
[43] Sun X, Ryan MG, Tang Z, et al. Environmental controls on density-based soil organic carbon fractionations in global terrestrial ecosystems. Land Degradation & Development, 2023, 34, 4358-4372
[44] Johnson K, Purvis G, Lopez-Capel E, et al. Towards a mechanistic understanding of carbon stabilization in manganese oxides. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 7628
[45] Dong H, Huang L, Zhao L, et al. A critical review of mineral-microbe interaction and co-evolution: Mechanisms and applications. National Science Review, 2022, 9: nwac128
[46] Guo X, Viscarra Rossel RA, Wang G, et al. Particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon turnover revealed by modelling their long-term dynamics. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2022, 173: 108780
[47] Georgiou K, Jackson RB, Vindušková O, et al. Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 3797
[48] Rasmussen C, Heckman K, Wieder WR, et al. Beyond clay: Towards an improved set of variables for predicting soil organic matter content. Biogeochemistry, 2018, 137: 297-306
[49] Begill N, Don A, Poeplau C. No detectable upper limit of mineral-associated organic carbon in temperate agricultural soils. Global Change Biology, 2023, 29: 4662-4669
[50] Vogel C, Mueller CW, Höschen C, et al. Submicron structures provide preferential spots for carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils. Nature Communications, 2014, 5: 2947
[51] Possinger AR, Zachman MJ, Enders A, et al. Organo-organic and organo-mineral interfaces in soil at the nanometer scale. Nature Communications, 2020, 11: 6103
[52] Kang J, Qu C, Chen W, et al. Organo-organic interactions dominantly drive soil organic carbon accrual. Global Change Biology, 2024, 30: e17147
[53] Craig ME, Mayes MA, Sulman BN, et al. Biological mechanisms may contribute to soil carbon saturation patterns. Global Change Biology, 2021, 27: 2633-2644
[54] Six J, Doetterl S, Laub M, et al. The six rights of how and when to test for soil C saturation. EGUsphere, 2023, 2023: 1-8
[55] Hall SJ, Ye C, Weintraub SR, et al. Molecular trade-offs in soil organic carbon composition at continental scale. Nature Geoscience, 2020, 13: 687-692
[56] Huang W, Hammel KE, Hao J, et al. Enrichment of lignin-derived carbon in mineral-associated soil organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53: 7522-7531
[57] Riedel T, Zak D, Biester H, et al. Iron traps terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter at redox interfaces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110: 10101-10105
[58] Buckeridge KM, Mason KE, McNamara NP, et al. Environmental and microbial controls on microbial necromass recycling, an important precursor for soil carbon stabilization. Communications Earth & Environment, 2020, 1: 36
[59] Juice SM, Walter CA, Allen KE, et al. A new bioenergy model that simulates the impacts of plant-microbial interactions, soil carbon protection, and mechanistic tillage on soil carbon cycling. GCB Bioenergy, 2022, 14: 346-363
[60] Curti L, Moore OW, Babakhani P, et al. Carboxyl-richness controls organic carbon preservation during coprecipitation with iron (oxyhydr) oxides in the natural environment. Communications Earth & Environment, 2021, 2: 229
[61] Cui J, Zhu Z, Xu X, et al. Carbon and nitrogen recycling from microbial necromass to cope with C:N stoichiometric imbalance by priming. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020, 142: 107720
[62] Daly AB, Jilling A, Bowles TM, et al. A holistic framework integrating plant-microbe-mineral regulation of soil bioavailable nitrogen. Biogeochemistry, 2021, 154: 211-229
[63] Huo C, Liang J, Zhang W, et al. Priming effect and its regulating factors for fast and slow soil organic carbon pools: A meta-analysis. Pedosphere, 2022, 32: 140-148
[64] Jia Y, Liu Z, Zhou L, et al. Soil organic carbon sourcing variance in the rhizosphere vs. non-rhizosphere of two mycorrhizal tree species. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2023, 176: 108884
[65] 周正虎, 王传宽. 微生物对分解底物碳氮磷化学计量的响应和调节机制. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(6): 620-630
[66] Lu X, Hou E, Guo J, et al. Nitrogen addition stimulates soil aggregation and enhances carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China: A meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 2021, 27: 2780-2792
[67] Walela C, Daniel H, Wilson B, et al. The initial lignin:nitrogen ratio of litter from above and below ground sources strongly and negatively influenced decay rates of slowly decomposing litter carbon pools. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014, 77: 268-275
[68] Pingthaisong W, Blagodatsky S, Vityakon P, et al. Mixing plant residues of different quality reduces priming effect and contributes to soil carbon retention. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024, 188: 109242
[69] Yao Q, Li Z, Song Y, et al. Community proteogenomics reveals the systemic impact of phosphorus availability on microbial functions in tropical soil. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2018, 2: 499-509
[70] Luo Z, Wang E, Sun OJ. A meta-analysis of the temporal dynamics of priming soil carbon decomposition by fresh carbon inputs across ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2016, 101: 96-103
[71] Li S, Lyu M, Deng C, et al. Input of high-quality litter reduces soil carbon losses due to priming in a subtropical pine forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024, 194: 109444
[72] Zheng Y, Hu Z, Pan X, et al. Carbon and nitrogen transfer from litter to soil is higher in slow than rapid decomposing plant litter: A synthesis of stable isotope studies. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2021, 156: 108196