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应用生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 3063-3072.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202411.016

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单粒定向播种对花生生长发育和产量的影响

姚云凤1, 朱琪琪1, 朱荣昱1, 董元杰2, 胡国庆2, 李向东1, 张佳蕾3, 刘兆新1*   

  1. 1山东农业大学农学院/小麦育种全国重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018;
    2山东农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东泰安 271018;
    3山东省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28 修回日期:2024-09-12 出版日期:2024-11-18 发布日期:2025-05-18
  • 通讯作者: *Email: liuxiaoxin0110@163.com
  • 作者简介:姚云凤, 女, 1998年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事花生栽培生理生态研究。E-mail: 13365384159@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32301953)、泰山学者工程项目、山东省自然科学基金青年基金项目(ZR2022QC040)和山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(SDAIT-04-06)

Effects of single-seed directional sowing on growth and yield of peanut.

YAO Yunfeng1, ZHU Qiqi1, ZHU Rongyu1, DONG Yuanjie2, HU Guoqing2, LI Xiangdong1, ZHANG Jialei3, LIU Zhaoxin1*   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
    2College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
    3Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2024-04-28 Revised:2024-09-12 Online:2024-11-18 Published:2025-05-18

摘要: 以花育25号为试验材料,设置单粒随机播种(RS)、胚根朝下(RD)、胚根平放(RF)和胚根朝上(RU)处理,以双粒播种出苗后清棵(QK)为对照,研究单粒定向播种对花生胚轴生长发育、植株光合性能、干物质积累、衰老特性和产量的影响。结果表明: 单粒定向播种条件下,RD能够提高花生下胚轴生长速率,缩短出苗时间,增加出苗率和子叶出土率,具有较快的植株生长速度,较高的花生生育前期叶面积指数,增加了干物质积累量,荚果产量较RF、RS和RU分别提高8.1%、14.4%和18.1%;RD还显著提升了可溶性蛋白含量,增强了超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,减少了丙二醛(MDA)的积累。与QK相比,不同时期RD的可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有不同程度的提高,MDA含量则有所下降,荚果产量无显著差异。研究表明,RD能够缩短出苗时间,减轻株间竞争,促进幼苗出土生长,加快幼苗形态建成,从而建立合理的群体结构,增强群体光合效率和干物质生产能力,有效延缓作物后期的衰老过程,进而提高荚果产量。

关键词: 花生, 单粒播种, 定向播种, 清棵

Abstract: We investigated the effect of single seed directional sowing on the growth and development of peanut hypocotyl, plant photosynthetic performance, dry matter accumulation, senescence characteristics and yield of a peanut variety, Huayu 25. There are several treatments in the experiment, including single-seed random sowing (RS), radicle down (RD), radicle flat (RF) and radicle up (RU) treatments, with double seed sowing cleaning stem base soil (QK) as the control. The results showed that under the condition of single seed directional sowing, RD could increase the growth rate of peanut hypocotyl, shorten the emergence time, increase the emergence rate and cotyledon emergence rate, and had faster plant growth rate, higher leaf area index in the early stage of peanut growth, and an increased dry matter accumulation. The pod yield under RD was 8.1%, 14.4%, and 18.1% higher than that of RF, RS, and RU, respectively. Furthermore, RD significantly increased soluble protein content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Compared with QK, the soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities of RD in different periods were increased to varying degrees, while the MDA content was decreased, and there was no significant difference in pod yield. Our results suggested that RD could reduce the emergence time and the competition between plants, promote the growth of seedlings, accelerate the formation of seedling morphology, so as to establish a reasonable population structure, enhance the photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter production capacity of the population, effectively delay the aging process of the crop in the later stage, and finally increase pod yield.

Key words: peanut, single-seed seeding, directional seeding, cleaning stem base soil