长江口盐地碱蓬种群的种子产量与土壤种子库动态

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以长江口崇明东滩自然潮滩治理互花米草后形成的盐地碱蓬种群为对象,通过野外调查、种子存储和萌发试验等方法,研究了潮滩不同高程的盐地碱蓬种群植株密度、种子产量、土壤种子库时空动态以及种子休眠萌发特性。结果表明: 潮滩高程对盐地碱蓬种群的植株密度和种子产量有显著影响,盐地碱蓬种群的植株密度与种子产量在高程≥4.0 m潮滩上最高,3.8～4.0 m次之,3.6～3.8 m最低,而高程<3.5 m潮滩上无盐地碱蓬种群分布。自秋季盐地碱蓬种子成熟进入潮滩土壤,其种子库密度呈先增高后随次年春季温湿条件适宜萌发成实生苗而迅速下降。土壤种子库密度与当年盐地碱蓬分布区呈显著相关。种子可借助潮汐、风等动力条件逐渐向其分布区前沿扩散。盐地碱蓬种子当年秋季成熟后萌发率为14.6%,经实验室低温沙藏层积和野外自然埋藏处理后其萌发率可提高至68%～82%,符合非深度生理休眠特性。盐地碱蓬种子进入土壤种子库后经冬季低温春化作用进入强制休眠,当春季温湿和生境条件适宜时可迅速萌发。若春季种子受环境胁迫不能萌发,在夏季高温作用下种子进入诱导休眠。处于诱导休眠状态的种子经再次春化可解除休眠,并在适宜条件下萌发。进入诱导休眠的盐地碱蓬种子可存活多年,属于持久种子库。

关键词: 盐地碱蓬, 盐沼湿地, 种子产量, 土壤种子库, 种子休眠, 种子萌发

Abstract: We examined plant density, seed production, spatial-temporal dynamics of soil seed bank, and seed dormancy and germination characteristics of Suaeda salsa populations along the gradient of tidal elevations in Chongming Dongtan of the Yangtze River Estuary. Suaeda salsa populations emerged after the control of Spartina alterniflora on the natural tidal flats. The results showed that elevation of tidal flats significantly influenced plant density and seed production of S. salsa. The highest plant density and seed production was observed at elevations ≥ 4.0 m, followed by the 3.8-4.0 m elevation range, and the lowest density and seed production occurred at the 3.6-3.8 m range. No individual of S. salsa was found at the elevations below 3.5 m. After seed maturation and dispersal in autumn, the density of soil seed bank initially increased and then sharply declined as seeds germinated into seedlings under favorable temperature and moisture conditions in spring. Soil seed bank density was significantly correlated with S. salsa population density. Seeds could gradually disperse toward the population front through the tidal and wind-driven forces. The results of seed storage, dormancy and germination experiments showed that seeds of S. salsa matured in the autumn with a non-deep physiological dormancy state, with a germination rate of 14.6%. After a cold stratification treatment in laboratory and storage in the field condition during winter, the germination rate could increase to 68%-82%. After dispersed into soil seed bank and winter vernalization in the field, seeds entered an enforced dormancy. When temperature and moisture conditions became suitable in spring, the seeds could germinate quickly. If the seeds experienced environmental stresses and failed to germinate in spring, they could re-enter into induced dormancy under summer high temperature. Seeds in an induced dormancy state required another process of vernalization to break the induced dormancy and could germinate under suitable conditions. The seeds of S. salsa could survive for many years after entering into the induced dormancy, which belongs to a persistent seed bank.

Key words: Suaeda salsa, salt marsh wetland, seed yield, soil seed bank, seed dormancy, seed germination

彭思颖, 袁琳, 褚向乾, 李昭慧, 张利权. 长江口盐地碱蓬种群的种子产量与土壤种子库动态[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(3): 747-754.

PENG Siying, YUAN Lin, CHU Xiangqian, LI Zhaohui, ZHANG Liquan. Seed yield and soil seed bank dynamics of Suaeda salsa population in the Yangtze Estuary, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(3): 747-754.

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