贺兰山东麓不同海拔斑子麻黄群落土壤种子库特征及其影响因子

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.007

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 1361-1370.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.007

贺兰山东麓不同海拔斑子麻黄群落土壤种子库特征及其影响因子

石文杰^1,2,3,4, 马琴¹, 杨君珑¹, 李小伟^1,2,3,4*, 杨钧^1,2,3,4, 梁咏亮⁵, 李静尧⁵

¹宁夏大学林业与草业学院, 银川 750021;
²宁夏大学宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心, 银川 750021;
³宁夏大学农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室, 银川 750021;
⁴宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021;
⁵宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2024-11-21 修回日期:2025-03-08 出版日期:2025-05-18 发布日期:2025-11-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: lxwbq@126.com
作者简介:石文杰, 男, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事草地生态资源与环境研究。E-mail: 1694560821@qq.com
基金资助:
贺兰山植被群落生物量与草食兽数量的关系研究项目(2022)、贺兰山东麓珍稀濒危植物斑子麻黄保护生物学研究项目(2022)、国家自然科学基金项目(31860122)和宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01)

Characteristics of soil seed banks and their influencing factors in Ephedra rhytidosperma communities at different altitudes on the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain, China

SHI Wenjie^1,2,3,4, MA Qin¹, YANG Junlong¹, LI Xiaowei^1,2,3,4*, YANG Jun^1,2,3,4, LIANG Yongliang⁵, LI Jingyao⁵

¹College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
²Ningxia Grass and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
³Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
⁴Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
⁵Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2024-11-21 Revised:2025-03-08 Online:2025-05-18 Published:2025-11-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以贺兰山东麓国家重点保护植物斑子麻黄群落为研究对象,在海拔1236、1350、1477和1603 m处设置样地,通过野外植被调查和室内种子库萌发试验,探究不同海拔斑子麻黄群落土壤种子库特征及其影响因子。结果表明: 在4个海拔的土壤种子库中,共萌发出13种植物,分属7科12属,其中以苋科和禾本科植物居多,生活型主要以一年生草本植物为主。Margalef丰富度和Shannon多样性指数在海拔1477 m样地最小,在海拔1603 m样地最大。土壤种子库平均密度为 1713～9127粒·m^-2,随海拔升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,海拔1350和1477 m样地土壤种子库密度显著高于海拔1236和1603 m样地;大部分种子分布在枯枝落叶层和0～5 cm土层,土壤种子库密度随土壤深度的增加逐渐降低。土壤种子库与地上植被物种组成的相似性为中等不相似。冗余分析表明,地上植被丰富度指数和优势度指数是影响土壤种子库的关键植被因子,解释量分别为19.5%和28.4%,贡献率分别为24.6%和35.9%;土壤容重是显著影响土壤种子库的土壤因子,但解释率较低,为8.9%,贡献率为11.3%。综上,中海拔适生区(1350和1477 m)斑子麻黄群落土壤种子库的再生潜力较高,可依赖土壤种子库实现群落的自然恢复,而边缘海拔的非适生区(1236和1603 m)需要人工干预的方式(围封＋补播)提升种子库物种丰富度和种子储量,促进群落的正向演替,进而增强生态系统的稳定性和恢复力。

关键词: 斑子麻黄, 土壤种子库, 地上植被, 环境因子

Abstract: Ephedra rhytidosperma is a national key protected plant species in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains. We established sample plots in E. rhytidosperma communities at altitudes of 1236, 1350, 1477, and 1603 m. Through field surveys and indoor seed bank germination experiments, we investigated the characteristics of soil seed banks in E. rhytidosperma community across different altitudes and their influencing factors. The results showed that in the soil seed banks across four altitudes, a total of 13 plant species germinated, belonging to 12 genera and 7 families. Species from Amaranthaceae and Poaceae were predominant, with annual herbs constituting the primary life form. The Margalef richness and Shannon diversity index were lowest in the 1477 m plot and highest in the 1603 m plot. The average density of soil seed bank ranged from 1713 to 9127 seeds·m^-2, showing a pattern of initial increase followed by decrease with increasing altitude. Soil seed bank density at 1350 m and 1477 m plots were significantly higher than those at 1236 m and 1603 m plots. Most seeds were distributed in the litter layer and the 0-5 cm soil layer, with soil seed bank density progressively decreasing with increasing soil depth. The similarity between soil seed bank and the aboveground vegetation in species composition was low. Redundancy analysis revealed that aboveground vegetation richness index and dominance index were key vegetation factors affecting soil seed bank, with explained variance percentages of 19.5% and 28.4%, and contribution rates of 24.6% and 35.9%, respectively. Soil bulk density was the significant soil factor affecting soil seed bank, but exhibited a relatively low explanatory rate (8.9%) and with a contribution rate of 11.3%. In conclusion, the mid-altitude suitable habitats (1350 m and 1477 m) exhibited higher regeneration potential of soil seed bank, enabling natural restoration via seed bank. However, marginal altitude non-suitable habitats (1236 m and 1603 m) required interventions (enclosure and reseeding) to enhance seed bank species richness and seed reserves, promote positive community succession, and thereby strengthen ecosystem stability and resilience.

Key words: Ephedra rhytidosperma, soil seed bank, aboveground vegetation, environmental factor

石文杰, 马琴, 杨君珑, 李小伟, 杨钧, 梁咏亮, 李静尧. 贺兰山东麓不同海拔斑子麻黄群落土壤种子库特征及其影响因子[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(5): 1361-1370.

SHI Wenjie, MA Qin, YANG Junlong, LI Xiaowei, YANG Jun, LIANG Yongliang, LI Jingyao. Characteristics of soil seed banks and their influencing factors in Ephedra rhytidosperma communities at different altitudes on the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(5): 1361-1370.

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贺兰山东麓不同海拔斑子麻黄群落土壤种子库特征及其影响因子

Characteristics of soil seed banks and their influencing factors in Ephedra rhytidosperma communities at different altitudes on the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain, China

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