宁夏盐碱区排水沟不同类型岸边带氨氧化过程及其影响因子

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202507.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氨氧化过程是岸边带氮循环的重要环节。为探究宁夏银北盐碱区排水沟不同类型岸边带土壤氨氧化过程,选取宁夏第三排水沟砾石芦苇混合带、芦苇带、高盐地肤带、马蔺护坡带和裸土带5种不同类型的岸边带,测定土壤潜在硝化速率(PNR)和环境因子,并基于宏基因测序和qPCR技术分析氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)的群落结构和功能基因。结果表明: 岸边带总的潜在硝化速率(PNR_total)为0.47～1.37 μmol N·g^-1·d^-1,且AOA的潜在硝化速率(PNR_AOA)大于AOB的潜在硝化速率(PNR_AOB);AOA amoA基因拷贝数(2.63×10⁶～2.06×10⁷ copies·g^-1)显著高于AOB amoA(7.14×10⁵～9.55×10⁶ copies·g^-1)。芦苇带、砾石芦苇混合带以及马蔺护坡带的PNR和amoA基因拷贝数均高于高盐地肤带和裸土带,岸边带硝化过程由AOA主导。AOA均来源于亚硝化球菌门,优势属为未分类菌属unclassified_f__Nitrososphaeraceae和Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus。不同类型岸边带铵态氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮、电导率、总有机碳和总氮等理化因子存在显著差异,PNR_AOA和PNR_total受到铵态氮、总氮、总有机碳和pH的显著影响,PNR_total与AOA amoA基因拷贝数呈极显著正相关。结构方程模型(SEM)表明,pH和总有机碳是岸边带硝化过程的主要影响因子,AOA amoA基因拷贝数对硝化速率有显著的正向影响。

关键词: 岸边带, 潜在硝化速率, 氨氧化微生物, amoA基因, 结构方程模型(SEM)

Abstract: Ammonia oxidation plays a critical role in nitrogen cycling within riparian zones. To investigate this process in saline-alkali soils of the Yinbei region, northern Yinchuan, Ningxia, we selected five distinct riparian types along the Third Drainage Ditch: gravel-reed mixed zone, reed zone, high-salt Bassia scoparia zone, Iris lactea embankment zone and bare soil zone. We quantified soil potential nitrification rates (PNR), environmental factors, and analyzed ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities via me-tagenomics and qPCR targeting amoA genes. The results showed that the total potential nitrification rate (PNR_total) in the riparian zones ranged from 0.47 to 1.37 μmol N·g^-1·d^-1, with PNR_AOA (potential nitrification rate of AOA) being higher than PNR_AOB (potential nitrification rate of AOB). The copy number of AOA amoA genes (2.63×10⁶-2.06×10⁷ copies·g^-1) was significantly higher than AOB amoA genes (7.14×10⁵-9.55×10⁶ copies·g^-1). The PNR and amoA gene copy number in the reed zone, gravel-reed mixed zone, and I. lactea embankment zone were higher than those in the high-salt B. scoparia zone and bare soil zone, indicating that nitrification in the riparian zones was dominated by AOA. AOA were affiliated with the phylum Nitrososphaerota, with the dominant genera being unclassified_f__Nitrososphaeraceae and Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus. The physicochemical factors, including ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen exhibited significant differences among different riparian zones. PNR_AOA and PNR_total were significantly influenced by ammonium, total nitrogen, total organic carbon and pH, and PNR_total showed a highly significant positive correlation with amoA gene copy number. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicated that pH and total organic carbon were the primary factors affecting nitrification in the riparian zones and that AOA amoA gene copy number showed significant positive correlation with nitrification rate.

Key words: riparian zone, potential nitrification rate, ammonia-oxidizing microorganism, amoA gene, structural equation modeling (SEM)

孙西燕, 祁若曈, 李宏旭, 郑兰香. 宁夏盐碱区排水沟不同类型岸边带氨氧化过程及其影响因子[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(7): 2201-2212.

SUN Xiyan, QI Ruotong, LI Hongxu, ZHENG Lanxiang. Soil ammonia oxidation process and its driving factors in the riparian zone of drainage ditch in saline-alkali area of Ningxia, Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(7): 2201-2212.

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