宏观生态系统科学理论研究和实践应用知识体系的构建

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202508.034

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 2257-2269.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202508.034

宏观生态系统科学理论研究和实践应用知识体系的构建

于贵瑞^1,2*, 于宗绪¹, 王秋凤^1,2, 郝天象^1,2, 杨萌^1,2, 陈智^1,2

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101;
²中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-04-15 接受日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2026-02-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: yugr@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:于贵瑞, 男, 1959年生, 研究员, 博士生导师。主要从事生态学与自然地理学交叉研究。E-mail: yugr@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32588202)

Constructing a knowledge system for theoretical research and practical application in macroecosystem science

YU Guirui^1,2*, YU Zongxu¹, WANG Qiufeng^1,2, HAO Tianxiang^1,2, YANG Meng^1,2, CHEN Zhi^1,2

¹Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
²College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-04-15 Accepted:2025-06-03 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2026-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 21世纪的生态学研究迈入了生态系统科学新阶段,宏观生态系统科学作为生态系统科学的引擎及前沿方向,正在围绕“环境变化-生态系统-人类福祉-社会发展”互馈机制问题,基于“多要素-多过程-多功能-多尺度-多维度”的系统认知框架,致力于发展“跨介质-跨界面-跨时空-跨层级-跨学科”的整合研究,聚焦“资源环境-系统结构-生态过程-功能服务”和“系统构建-状态演变-资环效应-调控监管”的级联关系及过程机理,认知宏观生态系统演变规律及人为调控科学原理。本文系统梳理了宏观生态系统科学的生态学基础理论架构,采用“科学公理-原理体系-基础理论-应用技术”的逻辑框架,以“生物集聚和协同演化、组件铆链和结构嵌套、过程耦合和机制互馈、功能涌现和服务外溢、动态演替谱系和空间谱系、自然变化和人为调控”等宏观生态系统科学的公理性认知为指导,尝试性地构建了宏观生态系统科学理论研究和实践应用的知识体系与逻辑框架,期望能够推动传统生态学研究范畴及范式向多维度生态系统科学的升级转型,进而向大尺度、长周期的宏观生态系统科学的应用拓展,促进生态系统科学知识创新及实践应用,为区域及全球自然资源管理、生态安全格局构建以及社会可持续发展提供科技支撑。

关键词: 宏观生态系统科学, 整合生态学, 生态学基础理论、科学原理、科学知识、工程技术

Abstract: Ecological research in the 21st century has entered a new stage of ecosystem science. Macroecosystem science, as the engine and frontier direction of ecosystem science, is focusing on the mutual feedbacks among “environmental change-ecosystem-human well-being-social development”, based on the systemic cognitive framework of “multiple elements-multiple processes-multiple functions-multiple scales-multiple dimensions”. It is committed to developing integrated research methods of “cross media-cross interface-cross time and space-cross level-cross disciplinary”, concentrating on the cascading relationships and process mechanisms of “resource environment-system structure-ecological process-functional service” and “system construction-state evolution-resource and environment effect-regulation and supervision”, and understanding the evolution laws of macroecosystem and the scientific principles of human regulation. We reviewed the theoretical framework of macroecosystem science, adopting the logical framework of “scientific axiom-principle system-basic theory-application technology”, guided by the rational cognition of macroecosystem science such as “biological agglomeration and co-evolution, component riveting and structure nesting theory, process coupling and mechanism mutual feedback, function emergence and service spillover, dynamic succession lineage and spatial succession, natural change and artificial regulation”, and tentatively constructed a knowledge system and logical framework for theoretical research and practical application of macroecosystem science. We aimed to promote the upgrading and transformation of traditional ecological research scope and paradigm to multi-dimensional ecosystem science, expand the application of macroecosystem science to large-scale and long-term ecological science, promote the innovation and practical application of ecosystem science knowledge, and provide technological support for regional and global natural resource management, ecological security pattern construction, and the sustainable development of society.

Key words: macroecosystem science, integrative ecology, basic theory, scientific principle, scientific knowledge and engineering technology of ecology

于贵瑞, 于宗绪, 王秋凤, 郝天象, 杨萌, 陈智. 宏观生态系统科学理论研究和实践应用知识体系的构建[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(8): 2257-2269.

YU Guirui, YU Zongxu, WANG Qiufeng, HAO Tianxiang, YANG Meng, CHEN Zhi. Constructing a knowledge system for theoretical research and practical application in macroecosystem science[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(8): 2257-2269.

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宏观生态系统科学理论研究和实践应用知识体系的构建

Constructing a knowledge system for theoretical research and practical application in macroecosystem science

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[2]	于贵瑞, 张黎, 何洪林, 杨萌. 大尺度陆地生态系统动态变化与空间变异的过程模型及模拟系统 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8): 2653-2665.
[3]	于贵瑞, 张雷明, 张扬建, 杨萌. 大尺度陆地生态系统状态变化及其资源环境效应的立体化协同联网观测 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 1903-1918.
[4]	于贵瑞, 陈智, 张维康, 杨萌. 试论宏观生态系统科学研究的多学科维度基本问题及其方法体系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(5): 1531-1544.
[5]	于贵瑞, 杨萌, 陈智, 张雷明. 大尺度区域生态环境治理及国家生态安全格局构建的技术途径和战略布局 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(4): 1141-1153.
[6]	于贵瑞, 陈智, 杨萌, 王秋凤. 大尺度陆地生态系统科学研究的理论基础及其技术体系之探讨 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(2): 377-391.