川西北高寒森林火烧迹地乡土树种凋落叶混合分解中难降解物质的动态特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在川西北高寒森林火烧迹地生境下,凋落物分解对生态系统恢复至关重要。本研究以四川甘孜高寒地区乡土树种高山栎和冷杉为研究对象,设置单一高山栎凋落叶(Q)、单一冷杉凋落叶(A)和3组混合处理(两者按重量比3∶1、1∶1、1∶3混合,即QA_3∶1、QA_1∶1、QA_1∶3)共计5个处理,在森林火烧迹地开展600 d的野外分解试验,探究凋落叶混合分解过程中木质素、纤维素和总酚等难降解物质的分解特征。结果表明:混合凋落叶的木质素降解率普遍低于单一高山栎(除分解600 d的QA_3∶1),但高于单一冷杉(除分解120 d)。混合凋落叶的纤维素和总酚降解率则普遍高于2种单一树种(除分解240 d的QA_3∶1纤维素,分解120 d和240 d的QA_1∶1和QA_1∶3总酚)。在分解过程中,混合凋落叶分别有58.3%、77.8%和86.1%的样本中木质素、纤维素和总酚实测降解率高于预期值,表现出协同趋势。其中,QA_1∶3的纤维素和总酚的降解率在600 d分解期内均表现出显著的协同效应。相关分析表明,木质素降解率在分解240 d时与初始木质素、纤维素含量呈显著相关,在分解480 d时则与初始总酚、全碳、全氮含量呈显著相关。综上,高山栎和冷杉凋落叶以1∶3混合时有利于难降解物质的分解,进而促进土壤有机碳积累。

关键词: 高寒森林, 火烧迹地, 凋落叶, 非加性效应, 难降解物质

Abstract: Litter decomposition is crucial for restoration of burned areas in the alpine forests of northwestern Sichuan. With the indigenous tree species in the alpine region of Ganzi, Quercus semicarpifolia and Abies fabri, as the research objects, we set up five treatments, including single Q. semicarpifolia litter (Q), single A. fabri litter (A), and 3 mixed treatments (the two were mixed at a ratio of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3, namely QA_3:1, QA_1:1, and QA_1:3). All the litters were incubated in a 600-day field decomposition experiment in forest burned areas. We explored the decomposition characteristics of recalcitrant substances (lignin, cellulose, and total phenols) during decomposition. The results showed that the lignin degradation rate of mixed litter was generally lower than that of single Q. semicarpifolia (except for QA_3:1 decomposed for 600 d), but higher than that of single A. fabri (except for 120 d of decomposition). The degradation rates of cellulose and total phenols in mixed litter were generally higher than those in the two single tree species (except for the cellulose degradation in QA_3:1 at 240 d, and the total phenol degradation in QA_1:1 and QA_1:3 at 120 and 240 d, respectively). During the decomposition process, the observed degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and total phenols were higher than the predicted values in 58.3%, 77.8% and 86.1% of the mixed leaf litter samples, respectively, exhibiting a synergistic trend. For the QA_1:3 mixture, both cellulose and total phenol degradation rates exhibited significant synergistic effects throughout the 600-day decomposition. Lignin degradation rate at 240 d of decomposition was significantly correlated with initial lignin and total cellulose content, while it was significantly correlated with initial total phenolic content, total carbon, and total nitrogen content at 480 d of decomposition. Our results showed that litter mixture with a 1:3 ratio of Q. semicarpifolia and A. fabri facilitated the decomposition of the recalcitrant substances, thereby promoting soil organic carbon accumulation.

Key words: alpine forest, burned area, leaf litter, non-additive effect, recalcitrant substance

李勋, 张艳, 彭彬, 徐静怡, 张丹桔. 川西北高寒森林火烧迹地乡土树种凋落叶混合分解中难降解物质的动态特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(1): 33-42.

LI Xun, ZHANG Yan, PENG Bin, XU Jingyi, ZHANG Danju. Dynamics of recalcitrant substances in mixed decomposition of indigenous tree species litter in alpine forest burned areas of Northwest Sichuan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(1): 33-42.

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