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应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 2383-2392.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.019

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新疆大豆根际细菌多样性及应用潜力

王鑫1,2, 胡敏1,2, 刘阳1,2, 旷沛1,2, 周义清3, 丁建莉4, 朱杰1,2*   

  1. 1新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
    2新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
    3中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100081;
    4北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-15 接受日期:2026-05-25 出版日期:2026-07-18 发布日期:2027-01-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: zhujie190520@163.com
  • 作者简介:王 鑫, 女, 2001年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事土壤微生物相关研究。E-mail: wangxin233683@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室项目(23XJTRZW11,25XJTRZW12,24XJTRZWY13)资助。

Bacterial diversity in the soybean rhizosphere and the application potential in Xinjiang, China

WANG Xin1,2, HU Min1,2, LIU Yang1,2, KUANG Pei1,2, ZHOU Yiqing3, DING Jianli4, ZHU Jie1,2*   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
    2Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, China;
    3State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
    4Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Aca-demy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
  • Received:2025-11-15 Accepted:2026-05-25 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2027-01-18

摘要: 为深入解析新疆不同大豆种植区域作物根际可培养细菌多样性及促生功能特征,本研究采集了新疆不同纬度(高纬度、中纬度和低纬度)3个代表性大豆种植区的根际土壤。基于稀释涂布平皿法和平板划线法进行了细菌菌株的分离与纯化,获得了81株细菌菌种资源。通过16S rRNA基因序列分析对所得菌种进行分子鉴定及系统发育学研究,并综合评价其固氮、溶磷与解钾功能特性。结果表明:分离得到的细菌隶属于3门5纲6目9科9属,其中中华根瘤菌和微杆菌为主要优势种属。低纬度大豆根际可培养细菌的Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为1.56和0.97,均高于中纬度(分别为0.54和0.49)和高纬度地区(分别为0.90和0.82),但其可培养菌株总数较低。本研究共发现57株具有固氮功能的菌株,1株具有溶磷功能的菌株,3株具有解钾功能的菌株,2株兼具多种促生功能特性的有益菌,分别为不动杆菌属菌株A11和节杆菌属菌株BP7。此外,初步鉴定出5株隶属于微杆菌属的潜在新种。综上,本研究初步揭示了新疆大豆根际细菌的多样性、分布特征及应用潜力,可为西北干旱地区菌种资源库的构建提供核心菌株资源。

关键词: 植物促生作用, 根际可培养细菌, 多样性, 新种, 分布特征

Abstract: To explore the diversity and plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits of culturable rhizosphere bacteria in soybean fields across different planting regions of Xinjiang, we collected rhizosphere soil samples from three representative soybean planting areas along latitudinal gradients (high, middle, and low latitudes). We isolated a total of 81 bacterial strains and purified them from these samples using the dilution spread plate and streak plate methods. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of the obtained strains were performed based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and evaluated their functional characteristics including nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and potassium release. The results showed that the isolates were phylogenetically classified into 9 genera, 9 families, 6 orders, 5 classes, and 3 phyla, with Sinorhizobium and Microbacterium as the dominant genera. The Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index of culturable soybean rhizosphere bacteria in the low-latitude region were 1.56 and 0.97, respectively, both higher than those in the mid-latitude region (0.54 and 0.49) and the high-latitude region (0.90 and 0.82), despite the smaller total number of culturable strains in this region. A total of 57 nitrogen-fixing strains, 1 phosphorus-solubilizing strain and 3 potassium-solubilizing strains were isolated. Among them, 2 beneficial bacteria with multiple PGP functions were identified, namely Acinetobacter sp. strain A11 and Arthrobacter sp. strain BP7. Five potential novel species of the genus Microbacterium were preliminarily identified. In conclusion, our results revealed the diversity, distribution characteristics and application potential of beneficial bacteria in the soybean rhizosphere of Xinjiang, providing core strain resources for the establishment of microbial strain resource libraries in arid regions of Northwest China.

Key words: plant growth-promotion (PGP), culturable rhizosphere bacteria, diversity, novel species, distribution characteristic