闽江河口养殖塘甲烷产生潜力与排放通量的季节变化及其驱动因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202609.049

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 3131-3140.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202609.049

闽江河口养殖塘甲烷产生潜力与排放通量的季节变化及其驱动因素

骆燕菲^1,2,3, 朱倩^1,2,3, 王俊伟^1,2,3, 杨洪⁴, 刘文静^1,2,3, 仝川^1,2,3, 杨平^1,2,3*

¹福建师范大学福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室, 福州 350117;
²福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350117;
³福建师范大学亚热带湿地研究中心, 福州 350117;
⁴Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK

收稿日期:2026-06-25 接受日期:2026-08-04 出版日期:2026-09-18 发布日期:2026-10-12
通讯作者: ^*E-mail: geo_pingyang@fjnu.edu.cn
作者简介:骆燕菲, 女, 2003年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事湿地生物地球化学循环研究。E-mail: 13972966753@163.com
基金资助:
福建省杰出青年科学基金项目(2025J010028)和国家自然科学基金项目(42371100, 41801070)

Seasonal dynamics and driving factors of soil CH₄ production potential and emission fluxes in aquaculture ponds of the Minjiang River Estuary

LUO Yanfei^1,2,3, ZHU Qian^1,2,3, WANG Junwei^1,2,3, YANG Hong⁴, LIU Wenjing^1,2,3, TONG Chuan^1,2,3, YANG Ping^1,2,3*

¹Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China;
²School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China;
³Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China;
⁴Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK

Received:2026-06-25 Accepted:2026-08-04 Online:2026-09-18 Published:2026-10-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 滨海养殖塘是区域温室气体收支中不可忽视的甲烷(CH₄)排放源,然而此类系统CH₄产生与排放的季节动态及其驱动因素尚缺乏系统认识。本研究以闽江河口天然盐沼湿地围垦成的养殖塘为对象,结合野外原位观测与室内培养试验,探究养殖塘土壤CH₄产生潜力、水-气界面CH₄排放通量及相关环境因子的季节变化特征。结果表明:养殖塘土壤CH₄产生潜力与水-气界面CH₄排放通量变化范围分别为8.78～60.44 ng·g^-1·d^-1 和18.58～194.74 μmol·m^-²·h^-1,其季节变异系数分别为65.8%和79.9%;二者均呈现夏季>秋季>春季>冬季的季节变化,且夏、秋两季为全年排放高峰期。养殖塘土壤CH₄产生潜力与水-气界面CH₄排放通量呈极显著正相关,表明土壤产甲烷过程是调控水-气界面CH₄排放通量的关键环节。随机森林分析显示,土温、溶解性有机碳、微生物生物量碳、SO₄^2-浓度、产甲烷菌及甲烷氧化菌基因丰度是驱动CH₄产生与排放季节动态的主要因子。综上,滨海养殖塘CH₄以暖季高排放、底物供给主导为特征。饲料输入主导养殖塘有机质供给,夏秋季优化饲料利用率是协同削减CH₄排放并提升养殖效益的关键路径。

关键词: CH₄产生与排放, 土温, 底物可用性, 水产养殖, 闽江河口

Abstract: Coastal aquaculture ponds are sources of methane (CH₄), which are non-negligible in regional greenhouse gas budgets. However, the seasonal dynamics of CH₄ production and emission in these systems, as well as the driving factors, remain poorly understood. We explored the seasonal variations of soil CH₄ production potential, water gas interface CH₄ emission flux, and related environmental factors in the cultivation pond formed by natural salt marsh wetland reclamation at the mouth of the Minjiang River, by combining in situ field observations and laboratory cultivation experiments. Results showed that soil CH₄ production potential ranged from 8.78 to 60.44 ng·g^-1·d^-1 and water-air interface CH₄ emission flux ranged from 18.58 to 194.74 μmol·m^-2·h^-1, with seasonal coefficients of variation of 65.8% and 79.9%, respectively. Both variables exhibited seasonal dynamics, following the consistent order of summer>autumn>spring>winter. Soil CH₄ emission peaked in summer and autumn. Soil CH₄ production potential was positively correlated with water-air interface CH₄ emission flux in the aquaculture ponds, indicating that methanogenesis in soils was a key factor regulating CH₄ emission across the water-air interface. Random forest analysis identified soil temperature, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, SO₄^2-, and the gene abundances of methanogens and methanotrophs as the primary drivers controlling the seasonal dynamics of CH₄ production and emission. Overall, CH₄ emissions from coastal aquaculture ponds were dominated by a warm-season peak, with substrate supply as the primary driver. Given that feed input is the main source of organic matter and nutrients in aquaculture ponds, it directly determines the available supply of substrates. In the future, emission reduction should focus on optimizing feed utilization efficiency in summer and autumn, achieving a synergistic improvement of CH₄ emission reduction and aquaculture benefits.

Key words: CH₄ production and emission, soil temperature, substrate availability, aquaculture pond, Minjiang River Estuary

骆燕菲, 朱倩, 王俊伟, 杨洪, 刘文静, 仝川, 杨平. 闽江河口养殖塘甲烷产生潜力与排放通量的季节变化及其驱动因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(9): 3131-3140.

LUO Yanfei, ZHU Qian, WANG Junwei, YANG Hong, LIU Wenjing, TONG Chuan, YANG Ping. Seasonal dynamics and driving factors of soil CH₄ production potential and emission fluxes in aquaculture ponds of the Minjiang River Estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(9): 3131-3140.

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闽江河口养殖塘甲烷产生潜力与排放通量的季节变化及其驱动因素

Seasonal dynamics and driving factors of soil CH₄ production potential and emission fluxes in aquaculture ponds of the Minjiang River Estuary

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闽江河口养殖塘甲烷产生潜力与排放通量的季节变化及其驱动因素

Seasonal dynamics and driving factors of soil CH4 production potential and emission fluxes in aquaculture ponds of the Minjiang River Estuary

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Seasonal dynamics and driving factors of soil CH₄ production potential and emission fluxes in aquaculture ponds of the Minjiang River Estuary