微卫星多态性检测技术及其在保护遗传学中的应用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 微卫星是一种新型的分子遗传标记,具有只需极少量样品即可进行PCR扩增等优点,使之极其适合于保护遗传学研究.阐释了微卫星的结构、微卫星多态检测技术的原理,简要论述了微卫星多态检测技术的优点及其应用,并介绍了一种分离动物微卫星位点的富集方法.

关键词: 微卫星DNA, 多态性, 保护遗传, 大豆, 产量, 化学调控, 生态条件, 资源利用率

Abstract: Microsatellites are a novel molecular genetic marker,and offer unusual advantages,e.g., with the using of a very few sample, they can be amplified by PCR,which are particularly appropriate in the research of conservation genetics. In this paper,the structure of microsatellites and the principle of the detection technique of microsatellites polymorphism were illustrated, and the advantages and the application of this detection technique were described briefly. For the isolation of microsatellite loci in animals,an enrichment method was introduced. And then,some practical problems of this technique were summarized.

Key words: Microsatellites DNA, Polymorphism, Conservation genetics, soybean, yield, resource utilization efficiency, chemical control, ecological condition

中图分类号:

Q953

晏鹏, 吴孝兵, 史燕, 张方. 微卫星多态性检测技术及其在保护遗传学中的应用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (3): 461-464.

YAN Peng, WU Xiaobing, SHI Yan, ZHANG fang . Detection technique of microsatellites polymorphism and its application in conservation genetics[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (3): 461-464.

参考文献

[1] Altman J, Alberts S, Coote T,et al.1996. Behavior predicts genetics structure in a wild primate group.Proc Natl Acad Sci,93: 5797～5801
[2] Barendse W, Armitage SM, Kossarek LM,et al.1994. A genetic linkage map of the bovine genome.Nat Genet, 6(3): 227～235
[3] Bourke AFG, Green HAA, Bruford MW. 1997. Parentage, reproductive skew and queen turnover in a multiple-queen ant analyzed with microsatellites.Proc R Soc Lond B,264:277～283
[4] Brookes M.1997. A clean break.New Sci, 156:64
[5] Bruford MW, Cheesman DJ, Coote T,et al.1996. Microsatellite and their application to conservation genetics. In: Wayne RK, Smith TB,eds. Molecular Genetic Approaches in Conservation. New York: Oxford University Press. 278～297
[6] Callen DF, Thompson AD, Shen Y,et al. 1993. Incidence and origin of "null" allele in the (AC)n microsatellite markers.Amer J Human Genet, 52:922～927
[7] Chakraborty R, Jin L.1993b. Determination of relatedness between individuals by DNA fingerprinting.Hum Biol,65:875～895
[8] Chavarriaga-Aguirre P, Maya MM, Bonierbale MW,et al.1998. Microsatellites in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz):Discovery, inheritance and variability.Theoret Appl Genet,97:493～501
[9] Ciofi C, Funk SM, Coote T,et al.1998. Genotyping with microsatellite markers. In: Karp A, Isaac PG, Ingram DS, eds. Molecular Tools for Screening Biodiversity. London: Chapman and Hall. 195～201
[10] Coote T, Bruford MW. 1996. Universally applicable microsatellites for analysis of genetic variation in apes and old world monkeys.J Heredity,87:406～410
[11] Ellegren HT. 1991. DNA typing of museum birds.Nature,354:113
[12] Gagneux P, Boesch C, Woodruff DS. 1997. Microsatellite scoring errors associated with noninvasive genotyping based on nuclear DNA amplified from shed hair.Mol Ecol,6:861～868
[13] Gerloff U, Hartung B, Rassmann K,et al.1995. Amplification of hypervariable simple sequence repeats (microsatellite) from excremental DNA of wild living bonobos (Pan paniscus). Mol Ecol, 4:515～518
[14] Gill P, Sparkes R, Kimpton C. 1997. Development of guidelines to designate alleles using an STR multiplex system.Forensic Sci Intl,89:185～197
[15] Gottelli D, Sillero-Zubiri C, Applebaum GD,et al.1994. Molecular genetics of the most endangered canid-The Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis. Mol Ecol,3:301～312
[16] Haberl M, Tautz D. 1999. Comparative allele sizing can produce inaccurate allele size differences for microsatellites.Mol Ecol,8:1347～1350
[17] Hamada H, Petrino M, Kakunaga T.1982. A novel repeated element with Z-DNA-forming potential is widely found in evolutionarily diverse eukaryotic genomes.Proc Natl Acad Sci,79:646～649
[18] Jarne P, Lagoda PJL. 1996. Microsatellites, from molecules to populations and back.Trends Ecol Evol,11:424～429
[19] Kandpal RP, Kandpal G, Weissman SM. 1994. Construction of libraries enriched for sequence repeats and jumping clones, and hybridization selection for region-specific markers.Proc Natl Acad Sci,91:88～92
[20] Leeton P, Christidis L, Westeraman M. 1993. Feather from museum bird skins-A good source of DNA for phylogenetics studies.Conder,95:465～466
[21] Moor SS, Sargeant LL, King TJ,et al.1991. The conservation of dinucleotide microsatellites among mammalian genomes allows the use of heterologous PCR prime pairs in closely related species.Genomics,10:654～660
[22] Morin PA, Moore JJ, Chakraborty R,et al.1994. Kin selection, social structure, gene flow and the evolution of chimpanzees.Science,265:1193～1201
[23] Morin PA, Woodruff DS. 1996. Noninvasive genotyping for vetebrate conservation. In: Smith TB, Wayne RK,eds. Molecular Genetics Approaches in Conservation. London: Oxford University Press. 298～313
[24] Moxon ER, Wills C. 1999. DNA microsatellites:Agents of evolution?Sci Amer,1:72～77
[25] Mundy NI, Winchell CS, Burr T,et al. 1997. Microsatellite variation and microevolution in the critically endangered San Clemente Island loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi). Proc R Soc Lond B,264:869～875
[26] Ostrander EA, Jong PM, Rine J,et al.1992.Construction of small-insert genomic DNA libraries highly enriched for microsatellite repeat sequences.Proc Natl Acad Sci,89: 3419～3423
[27] Paetkau D, Strobeck C.1995. The molecular basis and evolutionary history of a microsatellite null allele in bear.Mol Ecol,4:519～520
[28] Paetkau D, Calvert W, Stirling I,et al.1995.Analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears.Mol Ecol,4:347～354
[29] Pena SDJ, Chakraborty R. 1994. Paternity testing in the DNA era.Trends Genet,10:204～209
[30] Pulidol JC, Duyk GM. 1994. Construction of small-insert libraries enriched for short tandem repeat sequences by marker selection. In: Dracopoli NC,ed. Current Protocals in Human Genetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 92～113
[31] Queller DC, Strassmann JE, Hughes CR. 1993. Microsatellite and kinship.Trends Ecol Evol, 8:285
[32] Saccheri IJ, Bruford MW. 1993. DNA fingerprinting in a butterfly Bicyclus anaynana (Satyridae).J Heredity,84(3):195～200
[33] Taberlet P, Camarra JJ, Griffin S,et al. 1997. Noninvasive genetic tracking of the endangered pyrenean brown bear population.Mol Ecol,6:869～876
[34] Taberlet P, Griffins S, Goosens B,et al. 1996. Reliable genotyping of samples with very low DNA quantities using PCR.Nucl Acids Res,24:3189～3194
[35] Tautz D, Renz M. 1984. Simple sequences are ubiquitous repetitive components of eukaryote genomes.Nucl Acids Res,12:4217～4138
[36] Travis CG,Ryan SO,Wolfgang S,et al.1997. Microsatellite DNA loci for genetic studies of Cranes.Proc North Am Crane Workshop,7:36～45
[37] Zhang Y-W(张云武), Zhang Y-P(张亚平). 2001. Microsatellites and its application.Zool Rea(动物学研究),22(4):315～320(in Chinese)