论转基因林木的潜在生态风险性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基因工程技术为加快林木遗传改良进程开辟了一条崭新的途径.由于林木栽培环境复杂、生产周期长、经营管理粗放,且主要为风媒传粉植物等原因,与集约化程度较高的农作物相比,转基因林木环境释放及推广的潜在生态风险性更大.如转基因林木大量种植可加速该树种遗传多样性水平降低,导致遗传脆弱性;转基因林木的长期持续强选择压力作用导致害虫、病菌协同进化;外源基因逃逸有可能使非转基因植物的生态适合度增强或降低,进而影响到自然界的物种多样性等.

关键词: 林木, 转基因, 生态风险性

Abstract: A new approach to genetic improvement of trees has been introduced with the birth of gene engineering technique.Compared to that in crops,gene introduction in trees has bigger potential ecological risk in environmental release and extension,because trees,most of which are wind-dispersed,grow on various habitats,have longer life span,and subject to relatively more extensive management.Extensive plantation of transgenic trees may reduce the genetic diversity of the trees concerned.Co-evolution of pests and pathogens is likely to be caused under the pressure of long-term and continuous selection of the trees derived from gene transferring.Escaping of exogenous gene may have a certain kind of influence on fitness of plants naturally generated,and as a result,have influence on species diversity in the natural world.It is not reasonable for China,a developing country,to reject gene introduction as an approach to promote forestry development.It is also important,on the other hand,to take future ecological safety into consideration because it is unwise to get present profit at the cost of future profit.To strengthen basic study on gene transferring,adopting safe management of varieties generated from gene transferring and increasing funds on research and management of transgenic trees are believed to be measures to decrease,to the greatest extent,ecological risks brought about by gene transferring of trees,and to quicken transformation of products of trees derived from gene-transferring into merchandises.

Key words: Tree, Genetic engineering, Ecological risks

中图分类号:

S722.36

康向阳, 刘志民, 李胜功. 论转基因林木的潜在生态风险性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (7): 1281-1284.

KANG Xiangyang, LIU Zhimin, LI Shenggong. Potential ecological risks of transgenic trees[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (7): 1281-1284.

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