关键词: 湿地生态系统, 指标, 生态工程类型

Abstract: Xishuangbanna is located at the northern margin of tropics. Its climate is different from that of typical tropics, but the rainforest there is not very different from that of the typical tropics in Southeast Asia. The main problems in Xishuangbanna are seasonal drought and low temperature. Fog may contribute to the development of rainforest here, but related studies are few. This study is aimed to know whether the leaves of epiphytes and non-epiphytes in Xishuangbanna can directly absorb fog water and contribute to their water status recovery, and whether epiphytes are more competent than non-epiphytes in their leaf fog water absorption. The study was conducted in dry season, and four species of epiphytes and six species of non-epiphytes were investigated. The effect of fog was imitated by spraying leaves with distilled water. For epiphytes and non-epiphytes, their leaf water potential (Φ), relative water content (RWC), and amount of absorbed water increased gradually with the time of spraying, but the Φ of epiphytes increased more quickly than that of non-epiphytes. The leaves of epiphytes Bolbitis scandens and Rhaphidophora decursiva could absorb fog water more quickly, and increase their RWC more greatly than those of non-epiphytes, indicating that these epiphytes were more competent than non-epiphytes in their leaf fog water absorption. The fog water absorption capacity of the leaves in epiphytic orchid Coelogyne occultata and Staurochilus dawsonianus was lower than that in Amischotolype hispida and Mananthus patentiflora, but higher than that in other four non-epiphytes. The Φ of epiphytes at early evening when no fog was formed was significantly lower than that at early morning, suggesting that fog water was absorbed by epiphytes at night to improve their leaf water status. Non-epiphytes did not need to absorb fog water directly through leaves, and they could recover their leaf water status through absorbing soil water by root system. Epiphytes except C. occultata had a much more leaf biomass than non-epiphytes, which was also beneficial to their leaf fog water absorption. Because there was abundant fog in dry season in Xishuangbanna, the Φ of test ten species was higher than -0.8 MPa, indicating that water stress was not serious in dry season.

Key words: Wetland ecosystem, Indicators, Ecological engineering type