东海竹筴鱼的食性

应用生态学报

东海竹筴鱼的食性

蒋日进^1,2,金海卫¹,周永东^1**,薛利建¹,郭爱¹

（¹浙江省海洋水产研究所农业部重点渔场渔业资源科学观测实验站/浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室, 浙江舟山 316100; ^2上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306)

出版日期:2013-07-18 发布日期:2013-07-18

Feeding habits of Trachurus japonicus in the East China Sea.

JIANG Ri-jin^1,2, JIN Hai-wei¹, ZHOU Yong-dong¹, XUE Li-jian¹, GUO Ai^1

(¹Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishery Grounds/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Technology Research on Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316100, Zhejiang, China; ²College of Marine Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)

Online:2013-07-18 Published:2013-07-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以2008年5月、8月、11月和2009年2月东海灯光围网采集到的453条东海竹筴鱼为研究对象,对其胃含物进行分析,应用K-W非参数检验、卡方检验、聚类分析等方法,对不同季节和发育阶段条件下东海竹筴鱼的食性进行研究.结果表明: 东海竹筴鱼的饵料生物有124种(包括未鉴定种),浮游甲壳类和小型鱼类为其主要饵料类群.优势饵料生物依次是麦氏犀鳕(IRI%=39.2%)、长尾类糠虾幼体(IRI%=18.4%)、短尾类大眼幼体(IRI%=7.6%)和太平洋磷虾(IRI%=6.6%)等.季节和叉长对东海竹筴鱼的摄食强度均有显著影响(P<0.01),东海竹筴鱼春季摄食强度最高,而冬季最低;叉长140～159 mm的竹筴鱼摄食强度最高,叉长45~99 mm的幼鱼的摄食强度较高,其余叉长的鱼摄食强度相对较低.聚类分析结果表明,叉长100 mm是东海竹筴鱼摄食取向的拐点.东海竹筴鱼四季的平均营养级为3.51,属于低级肉食性鱼类.

关键词: 竹筴鱼, 季节, 叉长, 营养级

Abstract: A total of 453 Trachurus japonicus specimens with a fork length (FL) of 46-250 mm were sampled in the seasonal light seine net surveys in the East China Sea in May, August, and November, 2008 and in February, 2009. The stomach contents of the specimens were analyzed, and the seasonal and ontogenetic variations in the feeding habits of the T. japonicus were examined by the Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-squared test, and cluster analysis. There were 124 prey species (including not identified) ingested by the T. japonicus, among which, planktonic crustaceans and small-scale marine fish made up the dominant prey groups. According to the percentage index of relative importance (IRI%), Bregmaceros macclellandi was the most dominant prey, accounting for 39.2%, followed by Macrura mysis larva (18.4%), brachyura zoea larva (7.6%), and Euphausia pacifica (6.6%). The feeding intensity of the T. japonicus varied significantly with its FL and season, being the highest for the T. japonicus with a FL of 140-159 mm, higher for the T. japonicus juveniles with a FL of 45-99 mm, while lower for the T. japonicus of other size classes, and the highest in spring and the lowest in winter. Cluster analysis revealed there was an abrupt change in the diet composition for the T. japonicus with a FL of about 100 mm FL. The average trophic level of the T. japonicus in four seasons was 3.51, indicating that the T. japonicus in the East China Sea was of low-level carnivores feeding on plankton and nekton.

Key words: Trachurus japonicus, season, fork length, trophic level.

蒋日进1,2,金海卫1,周永东1**,薛利建1,郭爱1. 东海竹筴鱼的食性[J]. 应用生态学报.

JIANG Ri-jin1,2, JIN Hai-wei1, ZHOU Yong-dong1, XUE Li-jian1, GUO Ai1. Feeding habits of Trachurus japonicus in the East China Sea.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.

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