基于复合系统协调度和风域划分的三北沙区“山水林田湖草沙”一体化治理方法

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.007

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3563-3574.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.007

• 山水林田湖草沙保护修复专栏(专栏策划：岳文泽、肖武) • 上一篇下一篇

基于复合系统协调度和风域划分的三北沙区“山水林田湖草沙”一体化治理方法

齐珂^1,2, 朱教君^1,2*, 张佳宝³, 张怀清⁴, 郑晓^1,2, 高添^1,2, 宗文君¹, 滕德雄^1,2

¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 森林生态与保育重点实验室(中国科学院)/辽宁清原森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 沈阳 110016;
²辽宁省公益林经营管理重点实验室, 沈阳 110016;
³中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 211135;
⁴中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所, 国家林业和草原科学数据中心, 北京 100091

收稿日期:2025-09-02 修回日期:2025-11-04 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2026-07-18
通讯作者: ^*E-mail: jiaojunzhu@iae.ac.cn
作者简介:齐珂, 女, 1990年生, 博士后。主要从事防护林学、景观生态学和荒漠化治理研究。E-mail: qike@iae.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1501400)、辽宁省科技攻关专项(2023020402-JH1/104)、中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2024-DFZD-32,2024-XZ-53)、辽宁省博士科研启动基金计划项目(2025-BS-0187)、中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所青年启动基金项目(E4611010SS)和防护林工程与荒漠化防治内蒙古院士工作站

Comprehensive management method of “Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands-Deserts” composite system for Three-North Region sandy lands based on coordination degree of composite systems and windscape division

QI Ke^1,2, ZHU Jiaojun^1,2*, ZHANG Jiabao³, ZHANG Huaiqing⁴, ZHENG Xiao^1,2, GAO Tian^1,2, ZONG Wenjun¹, TENG Dexiong^1,2

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture/Qingyuan Forest CERN National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
²Liaoning Key Laboratory for Management of Non-Commercial Forests, Shen-yang 110016, China;
³Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China;
⁴National Forestry and Grassland Science Data Center, Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2025-09-02 Revised:2025-11-04 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2026-07-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 荒漠化是全球生态环境面临的重大挑战,生态修复是有效的荒漠化治理手段之一。荒漠化过程极其复杂且发生地区生态环境脆弱,仅以植被恢复为单一措施难以获得稳定、持续的治理效果。因此,本研究从复合系统协调性原理出发,将荒漠化地区看作由“山水林田湖草沙”构成的沙区复合生态系统,提出以生态-生产-生活(“三生”)协调稳定发展为目标、以复合系统协调度(CDoCS)为核心度量的沙区“山水林田湖草沙”一体化综合治理方法框架。本研究以涵盖我国96.5%沙地的三北工程区为研究对象,选取沙地、沙漠、沙漠化土地和潜在沙漠化区域(统称“三北沙区”,面积234万km²,占三北工程区52.1%),基于风域概念划定适用于三北沙区“山水林田湖草沙”一体化综合治理的风域层级,即一级风域28个、二级风域169个、三级风域1686个。3个风域层级适用不同尺度的“山水林田湖草沙”一体化综合治理,具有嵌套的空间逻辑关系,其中三级风域是可用于计算和分析CDoCS的最小单元。本研究以三级风域——赤峰市翁牛特旗(1.19万km²)为例,应用CDoCS方法框架,确定了该区“山水林田湖草沙”协调优化方案;优化后,CDoCS从优化前的0.578提升至优化后的0.656,复合系统协调水平从中等提升至中等偏高水平。本研究提出的复合系统协调度和风域划分方法是实现“山水林田湖草沙”一体化和系统治理荒漠化的可行方法。

关键词: 复合系统协调度, “山水林田湖草沙”一体化综合治理, 沙区复合生态系统协调管理模型, 生态-生产-生活, 风域

Abstract: Desertification is one of the most critical challenges worldwide. Ecological restoration is one of the effective ways to control desertification. Due to the complexity of the desertification process and ecological fragility, the prevention and controlling of desertification are difficult to achieve stable and sustainable effects by relying solely on vegetation restoration. In this study, desertification areas were considered as “Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands-Deserts” composite system from the perspective of the principle of harmony of composite systems. We proposed a new framework to achieve the goal of coordinated sustainable development of ecology-production-living function of sandy land composite ecosystem with the Coordination Degree of Composite Systems (CDoCS) as the key indicator. The sandy land within the region of Three-North Afforestation Program (TNAP, covering 96.5% of the country’s sandy areas) was selected as the study area, including sand land, deserts, as well as the areas undergoing desertification and potential desertification (2.34×10⁶ km², covering 52.1% of TNAP). Based on the concept of windscape, we delineated the applicability scope for the application of CDoCS framework that covered the sand land of TNAP, including three levels from large to small: first-level windscapes (28), second-level windscapes (169), and third-level windscapes (1686). The three levels of windscapes were suitable for the management at different scales, which were the minimum unit for the application of the CDoCS framework. We applied the framework in the third-level windscapes, with Wengniute Banner, a typical sandy area, as an example. The CDoCS of Wengniute Banner was improved from 0.578 to 0.656, transferring from a medium coordinated state to a state close to a high coordinated state. The methodology framework proposed here was a promising approach to achieve the comprehensive management of “Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands-Deserts” composite system and integrated desertification control.

Key words: coordination degree of composite system, comprehensive management of “Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands-Deserts” composite system, CDoCS-based management model of sandy land composite ecosystem, ecology-production-living, windscape

齐珂, 朱教君, 张佳宝, 张怀清, 郑晓, 高添, 宗文君, 滕德雄. 基于复合系统协调度和风域划分的三北沙区“山水林田湖草沙”一体化治理方法[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3563-3574.

QI Ke, ZHU Jiaojun, ZHANG Jiabao, ZHANG Huaiqing, ZHENG Xiao, GAO Tian, ZONG Wenjun, TENG Dexiong. Comprehensive management method of “Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands-Deserts” composite system for Three-North Region sandy lands based on coordination degree of composite systems and windscape division[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(12): 3563-3574.

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基于复合系统协调度和风域划分的三北沙区“山水林田湖草沙”一体化治理方法

Comprehensive management method of “Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands-Deserts” composite system for Three-North Region sandy lands based on coordination degree of composite systems and windscape division

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