中国西北胡杨遗传多样性与种群遗传结构分析

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示地理隔离与人类活动对中国西北地区胡杨遗传格局的影响,本研究利用12对高多态性SSR引物,对横跨青海、甘肃、新疆和内蒙古4省区的6个胡杨天然种群(样本量为159)进行了遗传多样性和种群遗传结构分析。结果表明: 在物种水平上,胡杨种群维持着较高的遗传多样性(期望杂合度为0.62),但种群间存在显著遗传分化(遗传分化指数为0.38),并聚类成青海谱系、敦煌谱系及混合谱系3个相对独立的遗传谱系。昆仑山脉与祁连山脉的地理阻隔分别塑造了独特的青海谱系和敦煌谱系,而古丝绸之路沿线的胡杨种群则可能因人类活动介导的基因交流,形成了跨越地理距离的混合谱系。本研究明确的三大谱系应被视为独立的保护管理单元,这一发现为制定针对性的胡杨资源保护与管理策略提供了关键的遗传学依据。

关键词: 胡杨, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构, 地理隔离, 丝绸之路, 保护管理单元

Abstract: To reveal the effects of geographical isolation and human activities on the genetic pattern of Populus euphratica in northwestern China, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of six natural populations (sample size=159) distributed across Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia by using 12 highly polymorphic SSR primers. The results showed that P. euphratica populations maintained a high level of gene-tic diversity (expected heterozygosity=0.62). There were significant genetic differentiations among populations (genetic differentiation index=0.38), forming three relatively independent genetic lineages: the Qinghai lineage, Dunhuang lineage, and mixed lineage. The geographical barriers of the Kunlun Mountains and Qilian Mountains shaped the distinct Qinghai and Dunhuang lineages, respectively, while P. euphratica populations along the ancient Silk Road have formed a mixed lineage spanning large geographical distances due to human-mediated gene flow. The three major lineages identified here should be regarded as independent management units. Our results would provide key genetic evidence for formulating targeted conservation and management strategies for P. euphratica resources.

Key words: Populus euphratica, genetic diversity, genetic structure, geographical isolation, Silk Road, management unit

王若曦, 李强峰. 中国西北胡杨遗传多样性与种群遗传结构分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3771-3777.

WANG Ruoxi, LI Qiangfeng. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Populus euphratica in northwestern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(12): 3771-3777.

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