多种干旱指数对我国主粮作物水分亏缺的适用性及应用

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.023

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 1135-1146.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.023

多种干旱指数对我国主粮作物水分亏缺的适用性及应用

时晓蕊^1,2, 洪旭^1,3, 朱文彬^1*

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室, 北京 100101;
²中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院区域生态与环境变化湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430074;
³中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-10-03 接受日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2025-04-18 发布日期:2025-10-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhuwb@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:时晓蕊, 女, 1999年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事粮食用水安全研究。E-mail: 2257345075@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32471972)、国家重点研发计划项目课题(2021YFC3000201)和中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2020056)

Applicability and application of multiple drought indices to water deficit of staple crops in China

SHI Xiaorui^1,2, HONG Xu^1,3, ZHU Wenbin^1*

¹Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
²Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
³College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-10-03 Accepted:2025-02-12 Online:2025-04-18 Published:2025-10-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在全球气候变化的背景下,干旱发生的频率、规模和强度不断增加,严重威胁着中国的粮食安全。本研究基于作物生长季节的气象参数和作物生长相关数据,建立了两个新的干旱指数(作物蒸散量-有效降雨量指数CEEP和水分亏缺指数WDI)。将新指数的性能与4个广泛使用的干旱指数(降雨异常百分比PA、相对湿润指数MI、标准化降水指数SPI和标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI)进行比较。随后,应用6种指数分析了华北冬麦区和东北春玉米区典型干旱事件的特征,以及1979—2018年干旱的时空变化。结果表明:CEEP和WDI有效地捕捉了我国作物缺水和干旱特征,其中,WDI在超过三分之一的省区被确定为最优干旱指数,主要集中在东北和华北地区。在时间变化上,基于WDI,发现华北冬麦区和东北春玉米区的干旱事件无显著趋势。在空间变化上,各干旱指数表现有所差别:在华北冬小麦区,PA、MI和SPI检测出更多的湿化特征,而SPEI、CEEP和WDI检测出更多的干化特征;在东北春玉米区,各指数表现较为一致,在绥化市、大庆市、鹤岗市观察到湿化趋势,在吉林省和辽宁省西部、辽宁省南部、黑龙江省西部及三江平原南部观察到干化趋势。WDI适用于东北和华北地区作物水分亏缺分析,能准确反映干旱或湿润趋势空间分布特征,可为水资源管理和农业生产决策提供支持。

关键词: 干旱指数, 主粮作物, 有效降雨量, 作物需水量, 水分亏缺

Abstract: In the context of global climate change, the increasing frequency, scale, and intensity of droughts severely threaten food security of China. We established two drought indices (crop evapotranspiration-effective preci-pitation index (CEEP) and water deficit index (WDI)) based on meteorological parameters and crop growth-related data during growing season. The performance of those two indices was compared with that of four widely used ones, i.e., percentage of precipitation anomaly (PA), moisture index (MI), standardized precipitation index (SPI), and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). We further used the six indices to analyze the characteristics of typical drought events in the winter wheat region of North China and the spring maize region of Northeast China, as well as the spatiotemporal variations of droughts from 1979 to 2018. The results showed that CEEP and WDI effectively captured crop water scarcity and drought characteristics, and WDI was identified as the optimal drought index in more than one-third of provinces, mainly concentrated in Northeast and North China. In terms of temporal variation, based on the WDI, there was no significant trend of drought events in the winter wheat region in North China and the spring maize region in Northeast China. In terms of spatial variation, the performance of the drought indices differed. In the winter wheat zone of North China, PA, MI, and SPI detected more wetting characteristics, while SPEI, CEEP, and WDI detected more drying characteristics. In the spring maize zone of Northeast China, the indices performed more consistency, with wetting trends observed in Suihua, Daqing, and Hegang while drying trends in western part of Jilin and Liaoning, southern Liaoning, western Heilongjiang, and southern Sanjiang Plain. WDI was suitable for crop water deficit analysis in Northeast and North China and could accurately reflect the spatial distribution of drying or wetting trends, which would provide support for water resource management and decision-making in agricultural production.

Key words: drought index, staple crops, effective precipitation, crop water requirement, water deficit

时晓蕊, 洪旭, 朱文彬. 多种干旱指数对我国主粮作物水分亏缺的适用性及应用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(4): 1135-1146.

SHI Xiaorui, HONG Xu, ZHU Wenbin. Applicability and application of multiple drought indices to water deficit of staple crops in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(4): 1135-1146.

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多种干旱指数对我国主粮作物水分亏缺的适用性及应用

Applicability and application of multiple drought indices to water deficit of staple crops in China

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